Anxiety Levels Related to the Impact of COVID-19 among Junior High School Students in Makassar, Indonesia

Authors

  • Jullen Putri Setyani Cotesea Public Health Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
  • Fitriyah Amiruddin Public Health Faculty, Tamalatea University, Makassar. Indonesia
  • Sheinni Paardise Public Health Faculty, Pancasakti University, Makassar. Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v5i4.1263

Keywords:

COVID-19, Anxiety, Adolescents, Junior High School Students

Abstract

This study sought to identify the distribution of anxiety levels among students at SMP Negeri 12 Makassar, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A quantitative descriptive approach was employed, involving 287 students from Grades VII to IX who were selected through stratified random sampling. Information was obtained through an online questionnaire using the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The collected data were examined using descriptive statistical analysis and summarized as frequencies and percentages. The findings revealed that 196 students (68.3%) were categorized as having no anxiety, 53 (18.4%) had mild anxiety, 21 (7.3%) had moderate anxiety, and 17 (6.0%) had severe anxiety. Although the majority of participants showed no anxiety, approximately one-third (31.7%) experienced varying degrees of anxiety. These results underscore the relevance of school-based psychological support and counseling services in addressing students’ mental health needs during public health emergencies. Nevertheless, because the study was conducted at a single school using a descriptive design, the findings cannot establish that the pandemic directly caused the anxiety experienced by the participants.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8

Guessoum, S. B., Lachal, J., Radjack, R., Carretier, E., Minassian, S., Benoit, L., & Moro, M. R. (2020). Adolescent psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Psychiatry Research, 291, Article 113264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113264

Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x

Loades, M. E., Chatburn, E., Higson-Sweeney, N., Reynolds, S., Shafran, R., Brigden, A., Linney, C., McManus, M. N., Borwick, C., & Crawley, E. (2020). Rapid systematic review: The impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(11), 1218–1239.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.009

Ludwig-Walz, H., Dannheim, I., Pfadenhauer, L. M., Fegert, J. M., & Bujard, M. (2023). Anxiety increased among children and adolescents during pandemic-related school closures in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 17, Article 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-023-00612-z

Nearchou, F., Flinn, C., Niland, R., Subramaniam, S. S., & Hennessy, E. (2020). Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes in children and adolescents: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), Article 8479. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228479

Octavius, G. S., Silviani, F. R., Lesmandjaja, A., Angelina, & Juliansen, A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on adolescents’ mental health: A systematic review. Middle East Current Psychiatry, 27, Article 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-020-00075-4

Panchal, U., Salazar de Pablo, G., Franco, M., Moreno, C., Parellada, M., Arango, C., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2023). The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on child and adolescent mental health: Systematic review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(7), 1151–1177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01856-w

Panda, P. K., Gupta, J., Chowdhury, S. R., Kumar, R., Meena, A. K., Madaan, P., Sharawat, I. K., & Gulati, S. (2021). Psychological and behavioral impact of lockdown and quarantine measures for COVID-19 pandemic on children, adolescents and caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 67(1), Article fmaa122. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmaa122

Racine, N., McArthur, B. A., Cooke, J. E., Eirich, R., Zhu, J., & Madigan, S. (2021). Global prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19: A meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 175(11), 1142–1150. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482

Viner, R., Russell, S., Saulle, R., Croker, H., Stansfield, C., Packer, J., Nicholls, D., Goddings, A.-L., Bonell, C., Hudson, L., Hope, S., Ward, J., Schwalbe, N., Morgan, A., & Minozzi, S. (2022). School closures during social lockdown and mental health, health behaviors, and well-being among children and adolescents during the first COVID-19 wave: A systematic review. JAMA Pediatrics, 176(4), 400–409. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.5840

Downloads

Published

2026-10-22

How to Cite

Cotesea, J. P. S., Amiruddin, F., & Paardise, S. (2026). Anxiety Levels Related to the Impact of COVID-19 among Junior High School Students in Makassar, Indonesia. Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET), 5(4), 2713–2721. https://doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v5i4.1263