Work Life Quality, Employee Engagement, and Productivity Among Nurses: Insights From A Public Healthcare Organization

Panca Bagja Mohamad; Muhardi; Dede R. Oktini

doi:10.58526/jsret.v5i2.1159

Authors

Panca Bagja Mohamad Universitas Islam Bandung
Muhardi Universitas Islam Bandung
Dede R. Oktini Universitas Islam Bandung

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v5i2.1159

Keywords:

Employee engagement, healthcare services, hospital management, nursing productivity, nursing workforce, quality of work life

Abstract

Hospitals face increasing pressure to deliver high-quality, safe, and timely healthcare services while managing workforce challenges, including heavy nursing workloads and growing organizational demands. As frontline healthcare providers, nurses play a critical role in ensuring service quality and organizational performance. This study examined the effects of Quality of Work Life (QWL) and employee engagement on nursing productivity at Welas Asih Regional General Hospital, West Java Province, Indonesia. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among nursing personnel. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to assess the partial and simultaneous effects of QWL and employee engagement on productivity. The results showed that both QWL and employee engagement had positive and significant effects on nursing productivity, both individually and jointly. The regression model explained 73.3% of the variance in productivity, indicating a substantial contribution of the two variables. QWL emerged as the more dominant predictor of productivity, suggesting that improvements in working conditions may yield greater productivity gains. Although nurses reported favorable levels of QWL and employee engagement, challenges remained in workload management, work–life balance, and career development. Nursing productivity was generally high, with performance strengths concentrated in service quality rather than work quantity and timeliness. These findings highlight the importance of creating supportive work environments and fostering employee engagement to enhance nursing productivity. Hospital managers should prioritize workforce policies that improve working conditions, strengthen employee involvement, and address workload-related challenges to sustain high-quality healthcare delivery.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmed, R., Hassan, M. and Ali, S. (2024) ‘Psychosocial Work Factors and Burnout among Medical Staff’, International Journal of Healthcare Management, 17(1), pp. 45–54.

Aisyah, J. et al. (2024) ‘The Influence Of Work Life’s Quality and Job Satisfaction Toward Nurses Performance in Inpatient Ward Edelweiss Hospital Bandung1190’, Jurnal Aisyah: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 9(2), p. 2024.

Albar, E., Hamidah and Susita, D. (2025) ‘Quality of Work Life and its Impact on Employee Engagement’, Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management, 10(4s), pp. 338–344. Available at: https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i4s.516.

Alolayyan, M.N. et al. (2020) ‘Health information technology and hospital performance the role of health information quality in teaching hospitals’, Heliyon, 6(10), p. e05040. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05040.

Alzamel, L.G.I. et al. (2020) ‘The quality of work life and turnover intentions among Malaysian nurses: the mediating role of organizational commitment’, Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 95(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-020-00048-9.

Arief, N.R., Purwana, D. and Saptono, A. (2021) ‘Effect of Quality Work of Life (QWL) and Work conflict on Job Satisfaction through Employee Engagement as Intervening Variables’, The International Journal of Social Sciences World, 3(1), pp. 259–269. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5068429.

Cascio, W.F. (2025) Managing Human Resources: 2025 Release ISE. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.

Chanana, N. and Sangeeta (2021) ‘Employee engagement practices during COVID-19 lockdown’, Journal of Public Affairs, 21(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2508.

Corbie, G. et al. (2022) ‘Advancing Health Equity Through Equity-Centered Leadership Development with Interprofessional Healthcare Teams’, Journal of General Internal Medicine, 37(16), pp. 4120–4129. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-022-07529-x.

Gebreheat, G., Teame, H. and Costa, E.I. (2023) ‘The Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Nurses’ Job Satisfaction: An Integrative Review’, SAGE Open Nursing, 9, pp. 1–10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608231197428.

Hatam, N. et al. (2014) ‘The relationship human resource between quality productivity in of work life and knowledge workers’, Jhmi, 1(3), pp. 1–7.

Hesselink, G. et al. (2021) ‘Holding the frontline: a cross-sectional survey of emergency department staff well-being and psychological distress in the course of the COVID-19 outbreak’, BMC Health Services Research, 21(1), pp. 1–10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06555-5.

Khusnaeni, Sumarni, T. and Rahmawati, A.N. (2020) ‘The Relationship Between Burnout and Work Stress Among Nurses in the Inpatient Room of Hj. Anna Lasmanah Hospital, Banjarnegara’, in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Community Health (ICCH 2019), pp. 347–351. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200204.072.

Kohnen, D. et al. (2024) ‘Engaging leadership and nurse well-being: the role of the work environment and work motivation—a cross-sectional study’, Human Resources for Health, 22(8), pp. 1–12. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-023-00886-6.

Lailly, M.F. and Jayanagara, O. (2024) ‘Model of the Influence of Quality of Work Life (Qwl) on Employee Performance Through Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Ocb) At Amal Sehat Hospital Sragen, Central Java, 2024’, Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 8(2), pp. 2459–2483. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v8i2.4409.

Martin, A.K. et al. (2022) ‘Healthcare Teams: Terminology, Confusion, and Ramifications’, Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 15, pp. 765–772. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S342197.

Meiliyana, R. et al. (2023) ‘The Effect of Compensation and Workload on the Performance of Non-Medical Employees at Siti Aisyah Regional General Hospital Lubuklinggau’, Proceedings International Conference on Business, Economics & Management, (1), pp. 787–795. Available at: https://doi.org/10.47747/icbem.v1i1.1298.

Mistri, I.U., Badge, A. and Shahu, S. (2023) ‘Enhancing Patient Safety Culture in Hospitals’, Cureus, 15(12), pp. 1–7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.51159.

Mosisa, G. et al. (2022) ‘Quality of work-life and associated factors among nurses working in Wollega zones public hospitals, West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study’, International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 17(August), p. 100466. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100466.

Mubaraq, A. and Syarif, M. (2025) ‘Pengaruh Work Family Conflict, Beban Kerja dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Perawat Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Kabupaten Kolaka Timur’, ECOTECHPREUNEUR: Journal Economic Technology & Enterpreneur, 4(01), pp. 28–47. Available at: http://azramedia-indonesia.azramediaindonesia.com/index.php/ecotechnopreneur/indexDOI:https://doi.org/10.62668/ecotechnopreneur.v4i01.1483.

Nowrouzi-Kia, B. et al. (2022) ‘Factors associated with work performance and mental health of healthcare workers during pandemics: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, Journal of Public Health (United Kingdom), 44(4), pp. 731–739. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdab173.

Puiu, I.-A. and Bîlbîie, A. (2025) ‘Measuring productivity in the healthcare sector: a bibliometric and content analysis’, Health Economics Review, 15(24), pp. 1–19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13561-025-00612-z.

Rasool, S.F. et al. (2021) ‘How toxic workplace environment effects the employee engagement: The mediating role of organizational support and employee wellbeing’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), pp. 1–17. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052294.

Robbins, S.P., Coulter, M. and Long, L. (2024) Management: 16th Edition. New York: Pearson.

Ruhana, I. (2019) ‘The Effect of Quality of Work Life (QWL) on Job Satisfaction and Organization Citizenship Behavior (OCB) (A Study of Nurse at Numerous Hospitals In Malang, Indonesia)’, Journal of Public Administration Studies, 4(2), pp. 51–58. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpas.2019.004.02.2.

Schaufeli, W.B. and Bakker, A.B. (2004) Utrecht work engagement scale Preliminary Manual Version 1.1, Occupational Health Psychology Unit Utrecht University. Utrecht: Occupational Health Psychology Unit Utrecht University. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/t01350-000.

Septiana, V. (2020) ‘Hubungan Quality Of Nursing Work Life Dengan Stres Kerja Di Ruang Rawat Inap RSU HGA Depok’, Jurnal Keperawatan, 26(2016).

Setyaningrum, R.P. and Pawar, A. (2020) ‘Quality Work Life and Employee Engagement: Does Servant Leadership Influence Employee Performance?’, Solid State Technology, 63(5), pp. 5134–5141. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/.

Simbolon, S., Susanto, A. and Ilham, R.N. (2023) ‘Analysis of the Effect of Human Resource Planning, Quality of Work Life and Compensation on Employee Work Performance at PT. Supermarkets Maju Bersama Medan’, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 6(1.1), p. 2022. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29099/ijair.v6i1.1.514.

Sutrisno, S. (2021) ‘Pre-Trial in the Criminal Justice System in Military Criminal Judges in Indonesia’, International Journal of Business and Social Science Research, 2(11), pp. 1–9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.47742/ijbssr.v2n11p1.

Wijayanti, K. and Aini, Q. (2022) ‘The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style to Nurse Job Satisfaction and Performance in Hospital’, Journal of World Science, 1(7), pp. 485–499. Available at: https://doi.org/10.36418/jws.v1i7.69.

William, W., Liana, D. and Jusat, I. (2025) ‘Learning Organization and Feedback Culture in Patient Safety Incident Reporting: The Mediating Role of Non-Punitive Response’, JUKEJ : Jurnal Kesehatan Jompa, 4(2), pp. 882–888. Available at: https://doi.org/10.57218/jkj.vol4.iss2.1936.

Wulandari, A.A.N. and Dara, S.R. (2023) ‘Determinants of Employee Performance in Healthcare Organization: The Role of Work Environment, Workload, and Motivation’, Human Capital and Organizations, 1(1), pp. 23–32. Available at: https://doi.org/10.58777/hco.v1i1.118.