Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET)

Exploring Students’ Teaching Experiences through the PMS-MBKM Program

Selfiani — 2026-01-16

This study is aim to find out the students’ teaching experience through the PMS-MBKM program (teaching at school-emancipated learning emancipated campus) in teaching activities, technology adaptation activities, and school administration activities. This research employed a qualitative method with phenomenology approach that consists of 6 participants of English Education Study Program, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, who participated in the first batch of the PMS-MBKM program in 2022. The data collected through semi-structured interviews with interactive model analysis. The findings showed that several themes from the interview. They were the experiences to teaching activities, technology adaptation activities, and school administration activities. This research is expected to be useful for knowing the extent of the students’ development during the Teaching Campus program. In addition, this research can be used as a reference for the implementation of the next PMS-MBKM program.

Effect of Waste Facilities on Community Compliance in Benteng Medan

Nuri Jannaturrahmi Tambusai — 2026-01-16

This study aims to analyze the effect of the availability of waste facilities on community compliance in disposing of waste at Benteng Field, Medan. The method used is a quantitative method with data collection techniques through questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, Pearson correlation tests, and simple linear regression. The results showed that the availability of trash facilities had a positive and significant effect on the level of public compliance in disposing of trash in its proper place at Benteng Field, Medan, with a p-value < 0.05. These findings indicate that adequate facilities in terms of number, condition, and placement were proven to encourage visitors to be more disciplined in maintaining the cleanliness of public areas. This study provides empirical evidence to reinforce the importance of providing adequate sanitation facilities as an environmental management strategy, particularly in urban public spaces.

The Influence of Learning Interest on History Learning Outcomes of Senior High School Students at Al-Khairaat Kalukubula

Moh. Adzan — 2026-01-16

This study aims to determine the influence of learning interest on the history learning outcomes of students at SMAS Al-Khairaat Kalukubula. The method used is quantitative with an explanatory design. Data were collected through a learning interest questionnaire and documentation of history midterm exam scores. The results of simple linear regression analysis show that learning interest has a significant effect on history learning outcomes, with a coefficient of determination of 86.4%. The conclusion of this study confirms that learning interest is a dominant factor supporting the improvement of student learning outcomes in history subjects.

Bayesian-optimized Support Vector Machine for Indonesian Ethnicity Classification Based on FaceNet Facial Features

Alfito Juanda — 2026-01-16

The classification of ethnic groups in Indonesia based on facial images faces significant challenges due to high morphological diversity and the limitations of existing computational methods in handling local ethnic variations. This research developed a hybrid classification system to address this problem. The system was built through several stages: collecting a primary dataset of 550 facial images from five ethnic groups (Acehnese, Batak, Florenese, Javanese, and Papuan), extracting facial features using the FaceNet (InceptionResnetV1) model to generate face embeddings, and classification using a Support Vector Machine (SVM). To achieve maximum precision, the SVM model's hyperparameters were automatically tuned using Bayesian Optimization. The model's capabilities were confirmed using an 80/20 training-testing split, resulting an impressive 94.55% of accuracy. Its high discriminative power was further solidified by a stellar 0.9930 AUC-ROC score. Closer inspection showed a fascinating dichotomy: the model pinpointed the Papuan ethnicity with perfect precision, though it occasionally faltered when faced with the subtle morphological overlaps found in other ethnic groups. This study demonstrates that the combination of deep learning feature extraction with an optimized SVM classifier is an effective and robust approach for complex ethnicity classification, successfully providing an accurate and objective classification solution.

Green Architecture Approach in Redesign of Popoh Beach Tulungagung Regency

Roy Azwan Saputra — 2026-01-16

The tourism sector plays a strategic role, yet its potential in Tulungagung Regency has not been fully optimized. Although tourism in Tulungagung has generally recovered in the post-pandemic period, specific destinations such as Popoh Beach have experienced a significant decline in visitors from 18,847 in 2022 to 8,761 in 2024. This condition indicates the urgency of redesigning the area. This study aims to redevelop the Popoh Beach area based on Green Architecture principles by identifying inhibiting factors, determining appropriate design concepts, and formulating a sustainable facility redesign model. The research employs a qualitative approach with data triangulation through literature studies, interviews, and field observations. The expected outcome is a design model focused on reducing carbon footprints through passive design strategies, providing coastal environmental education, and empowering the local economy through integrated zoning arrangements. This redesign is expected to offer a solution to declining visitor numbers while ensuring environmental and economic sustainability in the tourism area.

Role Head School in Motivating Teachers Improving Teaching Creativity in History Learning in Senior High School 7 Palu

Nurfirayani H — 2026-01-16

The discussion in this paper is (1) What is the role of the principal in motivating teachers at SMA Negeri 7 Palu? (2) How is the creativity of teachers in teaching history at SMA Negeri 7 Palu? The purpose of this paper is: (1) To describe the role of the principal in motivating history teachers at SMA Negeri 7 Palu. (2) To describe the creativity of teachers in teaching history at SMA Negeri 7 Palu. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 7 Palu City, located at Tawaeli Jl. Baiyah Raya No. 29 Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province. After the data was successfully collected and analyzed qualitatively with a flow model including data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the principal plays a role as a facilitator, motivator, and supervisor in motivating teachers. This role is realized through the provision of facilities and training, providing motivation and rewards, and implementing learning supervision. The teaching creativity of history teachers is seen from the ability to arouse student motivation and activeness, actively involve students, and use a variety of learning methods and media. Thus, the role of the principal contributes positively to increasing the teaching creativity of history teachers at SMA Negeri 7 Palu.

Editor’s Role in Event Video Loop Visual Identity

Sutan Muhammad Aqil — 2026-01-16

Video loops are visual media used in events to build atmosphere and strengthen audience identity. The Bundafest Haibunda event utilizes video loops with a specific visual style aimed at mothers and families.This study aims to analyze the role of editors in shaping the visual identity of the Bundafest Haibunda eventvideo loops. The research uses a qualitative approach with participant observation methods, in which theauthor is directly involved as an editor in the production process. Data is obtained through observation ofthe editing process, visual documentation, and work experience reflections, then analyzed using RolandBarthes' semiotic approach which includes denotation, connotation, and myth. The results show that the editor's decisions in color selection, editing rhythm, and visual consistency play an important role inconstructing the meaning of warmth, cheerfulness, and emotional closeness. At the mythical level, the video loop represents the image of modern mothers as active, positive, and adaptive figures in the digitalspace. This study confirms that editors do not only play a technical role but also act as strategic actors inthe production of event-based media visual identities.

The Assistant Editor Workflow In Film Tuhan Benarkah Kau Mendengarku

Dwi Prio Satrio — 2026-01-16

This study aims to analyze the workflow of assistant editors in the post-production process of the film Tuhan Benarkah Kau Mendengarku (God, Are You Really Listening to Me?). Assistant editors play a strategic role in managing visual and audio data, maintaining continuity, and providing technical support to the main editor so that the editing process runs efficiently and narratively coherently. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. Data was collected through direct observation of the editing process, in-depth interviews with the editor and assistant editor, and analysis of documents such as editing logs and project structures. The results of the study show that the assistant editor's workflow has a significant effect on work efficiency, minimization of technical errors, and the smoothness of the editor's creative decision-making. A structured workflow allows editors to focus their energy on building narrative meaning and emotion. This study contributes to film post-production studies by highlighting the often overlooked role of assistant editors, particularly in the context of Indonesian independent film production.

The Role of History Teachers in the Student Assessment Process Senior High School at SMA Negeri 1 Bolano Lambunu

Moh Fatwa R Andi Taru — 2026-01-16

The problems in this paper are (1) What is the educational background of History Teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Bolano Lambunu? (2) How is the Student Assessment Process at SMA Negeri 1 Bolano Lambunu? (3) What is the role of History Teachers' knowledge at SMA Negeri 1 Bolano Lambunu? The objectives of this paper are: (1) To describe the educational background of History Teachers, (2) To describe the student assessment process (3) To explain the role of History Teachers' knowledge on assessment at SMA Negeri 1 Bolano Lambunu. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research informants were two History Teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Bolano Lambunu and one Student at SMA Negeri 1 Bolano Lambunu. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that: (1) History teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Bolano Lambunu have a Bachelor's degree in History Education that is appropriate to their field of expertise and have participated in various training to improve their competence; (2) The assessment process is carried out comprehensively, covering cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects by using a combination of formative and summative assessment methods, as well as various instruments such as written tests, assignments, presentations; (3) History teacher knowledge plays an important role as a foundation in designing valid assessment instruments, providing meaningful feedback, and integrating character education in the assessment process.

K-Nearest Neighbor–Based Recommendation System for Informatics Student Concentration

Puja Siswanti — 2026-01-16

The selection of a study concentration is an important stage in a student’s academic journey, as it determines the direction of expertise to be pursued. However, many students experience difficulties in choosing a concentration that aligns with their abilities and interests. This study aims to develop a recommendation system for selecting concentrations for students of the Informatics Study Program using the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm. The data used consist of students’ academic scores from semesters 1 to 4, totaling 446 records. The classification process was carried out by dividing the data into 80% training data and 20% testing data. The experimental results indicate that the KNN model with k = 15 achieved the best accuracy of 74.44%. These results show that the KNN method is sufficiently effective in providing concentration recommendations, namely Web and Mobile (WEM) and Intelligent Systems (SCR), based on similarities in students’ academic score patterns. This system is expected to assist students in selecting appropriate concentrations and to serve as a decision-support tool for the study program in academic decision-making.

Students' Perceptions of the Role of Parental Support in Increasing Interest in Learning Social Science at State Junior High School 10 Palu

Hanifa — 2026-01-16

This study aims to determine students' perceptions of the role of parental support on learning interest in social studies at SMP Negeri 10 Palu. To determine the influence of what form of parental support is perceived by students on learning interest in social studies at SMP Negeri 10 Palu. This population consists of all 5 classes of class VIII. Sampling using purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques use interview and documentation processes. Based on the results of the study, the most influential form of maternal support on students' learning interest at SMP Negeri 10 Palu includes emotional support, motivational support, learning facilities, and loving supervision. Each form of support has a different impact, but all contribute to fostering learning interest. This support creates a pleasant learning atmosphere and makes children feel appreciated.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Psychological Empowerment: Literature Review

Faizah Oktaviani — 2026-01-16

The effectiveness of a company's performance is determined by the quality of human resources. In this modern era, technological advancements and company competition are getting tougher. Good quality human resources can be a stimulus for companies to compete with other companies. Thus, there is a need for psychological empowerment of employees so that they are motivated so that they can work as effectively as possible. In implementing employee psychological empowerment, leadership style is very influential. Companies can explore the potential of each employee by applying a transformational leadership model. Therefore, this study aims to describe the effect of transformational leadership style on increasing employee psychological empowerment in working in the company. Furthermore, in the process of data acquisition, this study uses a qualitative method through a literature review approach. The reference sources for this research consist of various journals obtained using the Google Scholar feature. The results of this study indicate that one of the factors that have a positive effect on increasing employee psychological empowerment is the transformational leadership model. So in this case it shows that the more optimal the transformational leadership provided by the company leader, the more optimal the psychological empowerment of employees.

Verbal Aggression Behavior in Social Media Interactions: A Literature Review

Gama Dwi Fitrianawati — 2026-01-16

The development of social media has significantly changed human communication patterns, but on the other hand, it has given rise to various forms of negative behavior, one of which is verbal aggression. Verbal aggression in social media interactions has become a fairly frequent phenomenon due to the high intensity of use of digital platforms that are fast, anonymous, and have minimal social control. This study aims to comprehensively examine the findings of previous research related to verbal aggression behavior in social media interactions between 2015 and 2025. The method used is a literature study by analyzing 18 scientific articles obtained from various national and international journal databases. The results of this study indicate that verbal aggression on social media is influenced by various factors, including user emotional responses, personality traits, loneliness, fanaticism, socio-political dynamics, and digital media characteristics such as anonymity and discourse polarization. Verbal aggression manifests itself in the form of abusive comments, insults, hate speech, and threats, which negatively impact individual psychological well-being and the quality of online communication. The conclusion of this study confirms that verbal aggression on social media is a multidimensional phenomenon that requires an integrative approach through digital literacy, psychological interventions, policy regulation, and ethical and sustainable technology development.

Setting as an Indicator of the Main Character's Social Status in the Film Home Sweet Loan Directed by Sabrina Rochelle Kalangie

Dika Amarta — 2026-01-17

This research aims to analyze the function of setting in signifying the social status of the main character, Kaluna, in the family drama film Home Sweet Loan (2024). The film portrays the struggles of the sandwich generation in a modern urban environment. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive method, the analysis focuses on 10 selected scenes that reflect Kaluna's social status through three elements of setting: place, time, and social context. Indicators of social status (occupation, clothing, personal belongings, and speech style) serve as the foundation for the analysis. The research concludes that setting plays a crucial role, both narratively and visually, in communicating the character's social status. The visible contrast between the simple family home, the formal office, and the modern friend’s apartment illustrates class differentiation. Despite having substantial savings, Kaluna is positioned within the lower-middle class due to asset limitations and family pressure. Her social status is categorized as achieved status, attained through hard work and strict financial management, thereby superseding her family's traditional hierarchy.

Mobile Music Recommendation Using K-Nearest Neighbor and Artificial Intelligence

Egy Septiandy Kusmawan — 2026-01-17

The development of online music services demands increasingly personalized and contextual recommendation systems. However, most existing systems are still limited to processing historical data without taking into account the emotional state or activities of users. This study aims to design a machine learning-based music recommendation system that generates recommendations based on the user's listening history and artificial intelligence (AI) to produce personalized song recommendations based on the user's mood and activity. The methods used include song data analysis from the Spotify API, the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm, and the application of a Large Language Model (LLM) as a prompt-based interactive interface. Test results show that the system is capable of providing song recommendations with a 95% similarity rate using machine learning based on the songs listened to by users, and the application of AI produces more specific recommendations according to user prompts.

Students' Perceptions of History Teaching in Grade XI of Senior High School at SMAN 1 Parigi Tengah

Fauzy Rachmat — 2026-01-17

This study aims to determine students' perceptions of History teaching in grade XI of SMA Negeri 1 Parigi Tengah, specifically regarding the teaching methods used by teachers with a background in Geography. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach conducted in a natural setting. The research subjects consisted of grade XI students, with supporting informants in the form of subject teachers and homeroom teachers. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using an interactive analysis model that includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that students' perceptions of History teachers' teaching methods vary. Some students considered the lecture method used to help understanding the material if delivered clearly, coherently, and communicatively. However, some other students felt that the method was less interesting if it was done monotonously and with minimal variation, thus decreasing interest and active learning. The use of learning media was also considered suboptimal, even though supporting facilities were available at the school. Factors that influence students' perceptions include the teacher's ability to deliver the material, the teacher's teaching style and attitude, the suitability of the method to the characteristics of the History material, students' interests and learning styles, and the learning environment. This study concludes that variations in methods and the use of learning media are very necessary to increase students' interest and understanding in learning History.

Implementation of the Jigsaw Model to Increase Student Activeness in History Learning in Class X Senior High School of SMA YPST Porame

Tresya Claudia Sawane — 2026-01-17

The results of this study consist of: (1) how the jigsaw model is implemented in Class X of YPST Porame High School, (2) how the students' activeness in history learning is in Class X of YPST Porame High School, (3) why the jigsaw model in history learning can increase the activeness of students in Class X of YPST Porame High School. Based on these problems, this study aims to (1) explain the jigsaw model in Class X of YPST Porame High School, (2) describe the activeness of students in history learning in Class X of YPST Porame High School, (3) analyze the implementation of the jigsaw model in history learning can increase the activeness of students in Class X of YPST Porame High School. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative research method, data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation methods. The subjects of this study consisted of history teachers and students in Class X of YPST Porame High School. Data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, as well as drawing conclusions and verification. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the implementation of the jigsaw model in Class X SMA YPST Porame: (1) is able to create an active, collaborative, and enjoyable learning atmosphere, (2) Students are directly involved in the learning process through discussions, presentations, and group work, as well as responsibility for the material being studied, (3) Teachers act as facilitators who guide and motivate students during the learning process. The jigsaw model research has been proven to increase the activeness and quality of history learning in Class X SMA YPST Porame.

The Effectiveness of Grammar Translation Method Towards Students’ Reading Comprehension at MA Darul Ulum Ngabar Mojokerto

Lus Firdaus Zakiya — 2026-01-17

Reading comprehension is one of the language skills that need to be developed in students. Indeed, reading comprehension has become something that is fundamental and essential for students because the one of the students’ success is highly depends on their reading ability. If students’ reading comprehension is lacking, it is likely that students will fail academically, or at least have difficulty making progress. this research is to measure the effectiveness of the Grammar Translation Method toward students reading achievement at the tenth grade students. There are three types of experimental research, namely Pre-Experimental, True Experimental, Quasi-Experimental research. Researchers used a One-Group Pretest-Posttest research design. This design combines pretest and posttest by conducting a test on one group before being given treatment and after being given treatment. The pretest is given at the beginning before being treated and the posttest is given after the treatment is finished. The population is 74 students. The sample was class B, totaling 25 students. The researcher calculated the data by using T test in SPSS. Before applying the Translation Grammar Method, the average pre-test result score was 57,56 and there was an average post-test score of 85,76. The results of the T-Test above show a sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.00>0.05, which states that there is a difference after applying the Translation Grammar Method to improve the ability to read descriptive texts or in other words, H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Web and Mobile-Based Sales System Using Rapid Application Development Method

Iqbal Satrio Nugroho — 2026-01-27

ALM Mart is a minimarket that still relies on manual transaction recording using cash books and calculators. Which often causes calculation errors, inaccurate stock data, and difficulties in generating sales reports. This research aims to develop an integrated sales system consisting of a web application for cashiers and administrators, as well as a mobile application for customers who want to order products online with a pickup at-store model. Development was carried out using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method, which enables rapid prototyping and involves users at every stage. The system was successfully built within 8 weeks with complete features including digital cashier, automatic stock management, online ordering, Digital payment, and sales reporting. Black-box testing conducted with the store owner and customers showed that the system functions as expected and reduces transaction time by up to 60% compared to the previous manual method.

Teacher Participation In Implementing The Imtaq Center Method At The Islamic Kindergarten Darun Najah Sangatta Selatan

Maratul Latifa — 2026-01-27

The purpose of this study was to determine the teacher's participation in implementing the imtaq center method at Darun Najah Islamic Kindergarten Sangatta Selatan. The type of research that the author uses in this research is field research using a qualitative research approach. In collecting data, the author uses data collection techniques, namely participant observation, structured interviews, documentation. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that teacher participation in the imtaq center method at Darun Najah Islamic Kindergarten includes lesson planning, selecting appropriate methods, and creating a comfortable learning environment. Teachers play an important role in the preparation of materials, student character development, and relevant curriculum. Obstacles that arise include the lack of parental role, limited facilities, and the mismatch of methods with children's interests. Solutions include increasing parental involvement, improving facilities, adjusting learning methods and encouraging cooperation between students.

The Role of the School Literacy Program in Increasing Students' Interest in Reading in Islamic Religious Learning at Muhammadiyah 1 South Sangatta Elementary School

Aulia Sari — 2026-01-27

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the school literacy program in increasing students' interest in reading in Islamic religious education learning at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Sangatta Selatan. The type of research that the author uses in this research is field research using a qualitative research approach. In collecting data, the author uses data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews, and documentation with descriptive techniques. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the literacy program plays an important role in increasing students' interest in reading, insight, and learning independence, as well as helping to understand Islamic teachings. However, its implementation is constrained by the influence of gadgets, low parental motivation, limited vocabulary, and lack of facilities such as libraries and books at home.

Spatial Estimation of Land Surface Temperature using Cokriging Approach in Buleleng Regency

Muhammad Daffa Bintang Setyawan — 2026-01-27

Urban Heat Island (UHI) information plays a crucial role in microclimate monitoring and understanding environmental phenomena. However, the availability of observation station data is often spatially limited. This study aims to estimate Land Surface Temperature (LST) distribution in Buleleng Regency using Cokriging, utilizing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a secondary variable due to its physical correlation with temperature. Addressing the significant scale disparity between LST and NDVI, this study applies Z-score transformation prior to modeling to ensure covariance matrix stability. Experimental variograms were constructed using Sturges' rule for lag distance determination and modeled using the Linear Coregionalization Model (LCM) to maintain a positive definite kriging matrix. Model evaluation using Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) revealed a strong negative correlation between LST and NDVI (Pearson coefficient of -0.890). The Gaussian model was selected as the best fit, indicated by a low Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 2.7680 and a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 3.63%. These results demonstrate that integrating NDVI through Cokriging significantly improves spatial estimation accuracy. Furthermore, this study supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 13 (Climate Action) and Goal 15 (Life on Land), by providing high-precision environmental data essential for effective climate resilience planning.

Peppermint Aromatherapy and Nausea in Pregnancy

Rina Mardiyana — 2026-01-27

This study aimed to analyze the effect of peppermint aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting intensity among first-trimester pregnant women. A quantitative descriptive design was applied with purposive sampling involving 30 respondents. Data were collected using the PUQE-24 observation sheet before and after intervention, and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results showed a significant reduction in nausea intensity (p=0.001), shifting from moderate to mild categories. Peppermint aromatherapy was found effective in relieving nausea and vomiting symptoms, improving both physical and psychological conditions. This suggests peppermint aromatherapy as a safe complementary therapy option for pregnant women.

Analysis of History Teachers' Pedagogical Skills in Junior High School of MTs Al Khairaat Kalukubula

Dita Reskiani — 2026-01-29

This study aims to describe the pedagogical knowledge and skills of history teachers at MTs Al-Khairaat Kalukubula and identify factors that support and hinder their implementation. Pedagogical competence is a teacher's ability to understand students, design and implement learning, provide learning outcomes, and develop students' potential to achieve optimal learning objectives. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques including interviews, observation, and documentation. The research subjects included history teachers, the principal, and students at MTs Al-Khairaat Kalukubula. The results indicate that historical teachers understand student characteristics and systematically plan learning through tools such as syllabi, lesson plans, annual programs (Prota), and semester programs (Promes). Learning progressed quite well, despite challenges such as limited media, infrastructure, and limited teaching staff. Learning outcomes were evaluated through assignments, daily tests, mid-term exams, and remedial classes for students who have not yet met the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM). In general, the pedagogical competence of history teachers at MTs Al-Khairaat Kalukubula has been quite good, demonstrated by their ability to manage educational, communicative, and reflective learning. However, improvements are needed in the areas of method variation, the use of digital learning media, and more optimal implementation time.

Chemistry Students’ Views on the Importance of English for Learning

Fisilmi Kaffah Sujarwo — 2026-01-29

This study investigated 44 undergraduate chemistry students' perceptions of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) within their academic curriculum. ESP is considered vital for equipping students to comprehend complex scientific literature, write detailed laboratory reports, and engage with all chemistry-related academic materials. The research utilized a quantitative methodology, employing a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics analyzed student responses to pinpoint their learning priorities. Findings strongly indicate that students place a high value on ESP, particularly emphasizing the importance of reading comprehension and scientific writing skills. These skills directly correlate with their ability to grasp intricate chemical concepts and produce high-quality documentation. However, the study also revealed significant challenges, including a limited scientific vocabulary, difficulties mastering academic writing conventions, and a noticeable lack of confidence in speaking English in professional contexts. These obstacles underscore a pressing need for the development and implementation of more contextualized ESP instruction that leverages authentic, real-world materials relevant to chemistry. In summary, the results stress the imperative of designing comprehensive ESP programs that seamlessly integrate focused language skill development with core scientific learning objectives.

Strengthening The Psychosocial Support of The Elderly Through Empathic Communication Training for Young Volunteers at The KG Elderly Home, Kediri Regency

Laelatul Fitriya — 2026-01-29

The elderly population in Indonesia has experienced a significant increase that has complex consequences for psychosocial well-being, especially for the displaced elderly who experience disconnection from family relationships and lack of emotional support. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of empathic communication training for young volunteers in improving psychosocial support for the abandoned elderly at the KG Elderly House, Kediri Regency. Data collection was carried out through naturalistic observation for one week, semi-structured interviews, and Focus Group Discussions involving the elderly, young volunteers, administrators, and active volunteers. The results of the study showed that the elderly experienced loneliness, prolonged sadness, social withdrawal, and difficulty achieving ego integrity which was aggravated by the limitations of psychosocial support. Empathetic communication training for 18 young volunteers was shown to improve the quality of emotional interaction, social engagement of the elderly, and feelings of being valued and cared for. The findings integrate Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Lazarus and Folkman's theory of stress and coping stress , and Bronfenbrenner's theory of ecology in understanding problems holistically. This study recommends the development of sustainable psychosocial mentoring programs, strengthening the capacity of volunteers, and cross-sectoral collaboration to improve the welfare of the marginalized elderly.

Visual Strategy of Commercial Photography in the Promotion and Cultural Preservation of Koto Gadang Silver Heritage “Silver Work Leo”

Septia Rahmatul Khairani — 2026-01-29

Silver craftsmanship of koto gadang is a minangkabau cultural heritage with high aesthetic, historical, and
cultural value, developing since the nineteenth century through the distinctive filigree technique. Silver
work leo, established in 1986, plays a role in maintaining the continuity of this silver craft tradition. After
the covid-19 pandemic, reputation and sales declined due to decreased tourist visits and insufficient visual
promotion strategies. This condition indicates the need to renew promotional media through a more
professional visual approach. This creation-based research aims to produce commercial photography that
visualizes silver work leo silver products in an informative, aesthetic, and marketable manner. The creation
process involved outdoor photoshoots using models wearing silver work leo jewelry and baju kuruang to
represent koto gadang cultural identity. Commercial photography functions as a medium to image through
composition and lighting, supporting promotion and preservation.

Study of Significant Relationship between Determination of Parenting Patterns to Accuracy Stages Preschool Child Development

Tria Wahyuningrum — 2026-01-29

Children aged preschool (48–72 months ) experience phase very rapid growth and development . One of them factor significant external influence this process is pattern parenting . This research aim For analyze connection between pattern foster parents with development child age preschool at PAUD Al Izzah Puri Mojokerto, Mojokerto Regency . The research method used is quantitative with design analytic correlational through approach cross-sectional . Population study includes 65 children preschool , with sample A total of 55 respondents were taken use technique purposive sampling . Instrument study covering Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) for measure pattern foster care and questionnaire Pre - Developmental Screening (KPSP) for evaluate development children . Research results show that majority of parents apply pattern foster care democratic (82.4%) and partly big development child is in the category according (88.2%). Statistical test Spearman's Rho show mark p-value = 0.000 (< 0.05) with coefficient correlation (r) of 0.568. This is show existence connection significant positive with strength currently between pattern parenting and development children . Parents recommended For Keep going consistent apply pattern supportive care stimulation aspect motor skills , language , and independence child

Between Praise and Criticism: A Sentiment Analysis of Kang Dedi Mulyadi's Leadership On X (Twitter)

Achwan Noorlistyo Adi — 2026-02-05

Twitter, an archetypal example of an open and real-time social media platform, has emerged as a pivotal virtual interaction space, particularly in the context of shaping public opinion, particularly with regard to political figures. The objective of this study is to analyze the sentiments expressed by netizens regarding the leadership of Governor of West Java, Kang Dedi Mulyadi, through the implementation of sentiment analysis. The data was obtained by utilizing Tweet Harvest, which is based on Twitter API, to collect tweets containing relevant keywords during the period from March to May of 2025. Subsequently, the collected data underwent processing and classification into three sentiment categories: positive, negative, and neutral. This classification was achieved through the utilization of the Orange Data Mining application, in conjunction with the findings derived from Drone Emprit. The results of the sentiment analysis of tweets related to Dedi Mulyadi revealed that neutral sentiment constituted 78.7% of the total, positive sentiment 17.2%, and negative sentiment 4.1%. The sentiments expressed in the tweets pertained to Dedi Mulyadi's performance, daily life, and programs. Preliminary findings from the analysis indicate a positive-neutral sentiment trend on platform X. This phenomenon can be attributed to the predominance of reposter accounts in conversations related to Dedi Mulyadi on X. Nevertheless, these findings demonstrate that leadership in the digital era is not solely influenced by virtual narratives and real actions on the ground, but also by the translation and perception of these actions by the digital society. This research lends further credence to the notion that social media has emerged as a significant instrument for the monitoring of public opinion.

Digital Transformation of Public Service Malls: Enhancing Efficiency and Accessibility in the Digital Era

Dwi Hartutik — 2026-02-05

This study explores the digital transformation of the Public Service Mall (PSM) in Indonesia, emphasizing its role in enhancing bureaucratic efficiency, accessibility, and public satisfaction. Employing a qualitative library research approach, the analysis synthesizes existing literature, policy documents, and case studies to comprehensively understand the concepts, strategies, and challenges associated with digitalization in public services. The findings highlight that digital transformation, particularly through integrated and user-friendly online platforms, significantly reduces procedural complexity, shortens service delivery times, and broadens access for remote and underserved communities. Key supporting technologies such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and robust data security are vital for effective implementation, while strong policy frameworks and inter-agency collaboration underpin sustainable development. Despite notable progress, challenges including infrastructural limitations, human resource capacity, resistance to change, and regulatory barriers must be addressed through targeted investments, capacity building, and regulatory harmonization. The study concludes that a holistic and adaptive approach, coupled with ongoing research into social impacts and regional best practices, is essential to realize the full potential of digital public services and foster inclusive, efficient, and transparent governance in the digital era.

The Rise of Digital PHMDPS: An In-Depth Study of Medication Delivery Innovations in Indonesian Hospitals

Mochammad Sucahyono — 2026-02-05

The adoption of medication delivery services by hospitals in Indonesia reflects a significant upward trend in the transformation of the national healthcare landscape. This development is largely driven by the increasing demand for patient convenience and equitable access to essential medicines, alongside the rapid advancement of digital health technologies and the disruption of traditional healthcare systems, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. To explore this phenomenon, this study employed a systematic literature review method, analyzing diverse sources comprising government reports, hospital websites, official social media posts, online news articles, and prior research. The objective was to synthesize findings on how Indonesian hospitals—both public and private—have implemented and digitalized their Patient Home Medication Delivery Programs (PHMDPs). Key findings reveal a growing prevalence of PHMDPs, supported by various delivery models, ranging from internal logistics systems to partnerships with third-party couriers and telemedicine platforms. Digitalization emerges as a central enabler, facilitating seamless integration of e-prescriptions, automated logistics, and mobile health applications. Despite the growing adoption, the regulatory framework remains in flux, and hospitals face several challenges, including logistical complexity, compliance issues, and cost sustainability. This study contributes a comprehensive overview of PHMDPs in Indonesia, highlighting best practices and offering insights for scalable, patient-centered innovations in digital pharmaceutical services.

Implementation of Project-Based Learning in Science Courses in Early Childhood Education

Epritha Kurnia Wati — 2026-02-05

This study aims to determine the effect of implementing project-based learning (PBL) on the science understanding of students majoring in Early Childhood Education Teacher Education (PG PAUD) in the Early Childhood Science course. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The subjects were third-semester PG PAUD students divided into an experimental class and a control class. Data collection techniques used a science concept understanding test and student activity observation sheets. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the science understanding of students who participated in project-based learning and students who participated in conventional learning. Project-based learning was proven effective in improving the understanding of science concepts and critical thinking skills of PG PAUD students.

Effectiveness of Brief Behavioral Activation for Improving Social Connectedness in Lonely Older Adults

Rizky Amellia — 2026-02-05

Loneliness among older adults is a common psychosocial problem that negatively affects social Loneliness among older adults is a common psychosocial problem that negatively affects emotional well-being, social connectedness, and quality of life. This condition is often worsened by the loss of a spouse, limited daily activities, and reduced meaningful social interactions. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Brief Behavioral Activation for Improving Social Connectedness (BBAISC) in reducing loneliness and enhancing social connectedness. A pre-experimental Single Case Experimental Design (pretest–posttest) was used with a 60 year old woman who experienced loneliness after losing her spouse and had limited social support. The participant was selected purposively. Data were collected through participant interviews, interviews with a community health volunteer, behavioral observation, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the 16 Personality Factors (16PF) Test, and graphic tests (DAP and BAUM). The intervention consisted of six weekly individual sessions, including guided discussions, identification of personal values, activity monitoring and scheduling, gradual social activation, strengthening social support, and evaluation of behavioral changes. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test due to non-normal distribution. Results showed a significant reduction in loneliness from pretest to posttest (Z = −2.830; p = 0.005). This study concludes that BBAISC is an effective and practical psychosocial intervention for reducing loneliness and improving social connectedness among older adults.

Correlation Between Family Financial Status and Recurence Frequency of Schizophrenia at Grhasia Mental Hospital, Yogyakarta

Pipin Cahyati — 2026-02-06

The aim of this study is to find out the correlation between family financial status and frequency of schizophrenia recurrence at Grhasia Mental Hospital, Yogyakarta. This research is classified as quantitative, employing a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Accidental sampling was employed in determining the respondents. There were 94 respondents in this research, and Kendall Tau was used to analyze the data. The correlation coefficient between variables was p-value=0.007<0.05. It showed that there was a correlation between variables. A strong negative correlation between variables occurred at -0.257. It meant that the lower the financial status, the higher the frequency of recurrence can be. There was a correlation between family financial status and the frequency of a patient's schizophrenia recurrence in Grhasia Mental Hospital, Yogyakarta. The patient's family is suggested to prevent the recurrence by finding out more information to be able to lessen the family burden.

Di Nan Tangah Inspired by The Antaan Baka Tradition in Paninggahan Nagari Solok Regency West Sumatra

Dermita Kumala Sari — 2026-02-10

The dance work “Di Nan Tangah” is a contemporary dramatic dance piece inspired by the Antaan baka tradition in Nagari Paninggahan, Solok Regency, West Sumatra. The creation of this dance piece aims to reflect the socio-cultural conflicts that arise from differing views between traditional values, religious understanding, and modern lifestyles. The creation process for “Di Nan Tangah“ utilizes the creative method according to Alma M. Hawkins, which includes data collection and field observation, exploration, improvisation, formation, and evaluation. The movement elements are derived from Minangkabau silat movements and daily activities, adapted in a contemporary way. This work is supported by the use of minimalist digital music, dramatic lighting, simple makeup and costume, and pandan mat props as symbols of the Antaan baka tradition.

Personality Traits and Digital Wellbeing: Work Life Balance as a Mediator

Puteri Nur Diana Sari Choirudin — 2026-02-10

The increasing reliance on digital technology has reshaped work practices, particularly among digital workers, raising concern about digital wellbeing. Ths study investigates the relationship between personality traits and digital wellbeing, with work life balance as a mediating variable. A quantitative correlational approach was applied to Generation Z digital workers in Surabaya. Data were colledted using Likert-scale instruments and analyzed through Sctructural Equating Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.1.1.6. The Result demonstrate that personality traits significantly influence digital wellbeing and work life balance. Work life balance also shows a significant effect on digital wellbeing and mediates the relationship between personality traits and digital wellbeing. These findings highlight the importance of work life balance as a key psychological mechanism in explaining how individual personality characteristics shape digital wellbeing in digitally intensive work contexts

The Relationship Between Academic Stress and Social Support with Emotional Eating among Migrant Students

Dewi Rukmana — 2026-02-10

Migrant students face academic demands and complex social dynamics that may increase academic stress and influence eating behavior. Emotional eating refers to food consumption driven by negative emotional states, such as stress and anxiety, rather than physiological needs. This study aimed to examine the relationship between academic stress and social support with emotional eating among migrant students. This research employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The participants consisted of 200 migrant students selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instruments included an Emotional Eating scale adapted from the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), an academic stress scale based on Lazarus and Folkman's theory (1984), and a social support scale adapted from the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Data were analyzed using multiple regression with IBM SPSS 16.0. The results revealed a highly significant positive simultaneous relationship between academic stress and social support with emotional eating (F = 21.212; p < 0.01; R² = 0.177). Partially, academic stress showed a highly significant positive relationship with emotional eating (t = 4.748; p < 0.01; β = 0.308), and social support also demonstrated a highly significant positive relationship with emotional eating (t = 4.883; p < 0.01; β = 0.317). These findings indicate that in the context of Indonesian migrant students, social support does not always function as a protective factor but may facilitate emotional eating through social eating activities embedded in students' social culture.

Knowledge Of Diastasis Recti Abdominalis:

Lasiyati Yuswo Yani — 2026-02-10

Diastasis Recti Abdominis (DRA) is a separation of the rectus abdominis muscle along the linea alba, which is common in pregnant and postpartum women. Many mothers are unaware of this condition, which can cause lower back pain, incontinence, and abdominal aesthetic issues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and understanding of DRA among women of childbearing age, as well as its impact on physical health. Methods: This was a descriptive or cross-sectional study using a questionnaire among women of childbearing age. A structured questionnaire that has passed the test for reliability and reliability was used.Results: The study often shows that mothers' knowledge of DRA is still lacking. Many mothers do not know how to check for DRA or safe physical exercise. Conclusion: Comprehensive education is needed regarding the prevention, early detection, and management of DRA through appropriate postpartum exercise to improve mothers' quality of life.

The Use of Infocus to Improve Student Learning Activities in Class X Senior High School of SMAS YPST Porame

Hijrawati — 2026-02-22

This study aims to analyze the use of infocus technology in improving student learning activities in history lessons in grade X SMAS YPST Porame. The study used a qualitative approach with a field research design carried out in a natural setting. The research subjects consisted of seven grade X students selected using a purposive sampling technique based on the criteria of active involvement in history learning and technology-based learning experiences. Data collection was carried out through observation, semi-structured interviews, literature studies, and documentation. Data were analyzed using an interactive analysis model that includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the use of infocus had a positive impact on improving student learning activities, both in cognitive, affective, and social aspects. Visual media in the form of images, videos, and historical maps helped students understand the material more concretely, increased learning interest, and encouraged student activeness in discussions and group work. However, this study also found several obstacles in the use of infocus, such as technical constraints, limited number of devices, classroom conditions, and teacher preparation time. These obstacles were overcome through teacher adaptive strategies, including preparing alternative learning methods, involving students in preparing tools, and making adjustments during the learning process. This study concludes that the planned and creative use of infocus can improve the quality of history learning, even in conditions of limited facilities.

Destination Brand Storytelling in Thematic Villages Kampung Budaya Polowijen: The Power of Narrative Video

Aprilia Risky Kusumawati — 2026-02-22

Kampung Budaya Polowijen is a thematic village located in Malang, East Java, which represents local cultural heritage originating from Malang. One of the main challenges faced by this thematic village is the limited availability of promotional media that can effectively communicate its cultural richness to a wider audience. This study aims to develop narrative videos using storytelling techniques as a promotional medium to strengthen the destination brand of Kampung Budaya Polowijen. The research applied a design and development approach consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The resulting narrative videos were evaluated by respondents to assess their effectiveness as a promotional tool. The findings indicate that most respondents agreed and strongly agreed that the narrative videos were informative, engaging, and able to represent the identity of Kampung Budaya Polowijen clearly. The study concludes that the developed narrative videos are well accepted and beneficial in promoting Kampung Budaya Polowijen as a cultural tourism destination to both domestic and international audiences.

Development of a Busy Book as a Learning Medium to Enhance Numeracy Skills in Early Childhood

Hamid Patilima — 2026-02-22

This study aimed to determine the level of validity and attractiveness of the developed Busy Book learning media in improving early childhood numeracy skills, as well as to examine students’ responses to the use of Busy Book media in enhancing counting abilities at KB Nurul Fajriah Al-Hasanah. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model. Data analysis techniques were based on descriptive data obtained from expert validation, involving subject-matter experts, media experts, and educational practitioners. The validity assessment of the Busy Book media conducted by material experts, media experts, and practitioners yielded an average score of 93%, categorized as very valid. Learners’ interest in using the Busy Book media reached 95%, indicating a very high level of attractiveness. Furthermore, children’s numeracy skills after using the Busy Book achieved the category of Very Well Developed. Based on teacher assessments, all 12 participating students (100%) strongly agreed that children’s counting abilities improved after using the Busy Book media. The findings conclude that the Busy Book is feasible and effective for use in early childhood numeracy learning.

Transformation of Sharia Economy in The Digital Era: A Conceptual Analysis of The Integration of Sharia Fintech, Maqāṣid Al-Sharī'ah, And The Financial Inclusion of The Ummah

Doni Abdul Rohman — 2026-02-22

The transformation of the digital economy has encouraged the acceleration of the development of financial technology (fintech) in various countries, including in the sharia economic ecosystem. In Indonesia, the growth of sharia fintech shows a positive trend in line with the increasing need for financial services that are inclusive, transparent, and in accordance with sharia principles. However, the integration between financial technology innovation and the normative framework of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah still requires conceptual strengthening so that it is not just a technical adaptation of the conventional system. This research aims to analyze the conceptual construction of sharia fintech from an Islamic economic perspective, explore the integration of maqāṣid al-sharī'ah in its business model, and examine its contribution to increasing the financial inclusion of the ummah. The research uses a qualitative approach with the library research method through thematic analysis of academic literature, financial authority reports, and related regulations and fatwas. The results of the study show that sharia fintech has significant potential in expanding access to financing for the unbanked and MSMEs, increasing transaction efficiency, and strengthening transparency in fund management based on the principles of ḥifẓ al-māl and consumer protection. However, the main challenge lies in the aspects of digital literacy, regulatory harmonization, and consistency in the application of sharia principles in operational practices. This research emphasizes that the integration of sharia fintech based on maqāṣid al-sharī'ah is not only an instrument of technological innovation, but also a financial system transformation strategy oriented towards distributive justice and the welfare of the ummah in a sustainable manner.

Evaluation of Drug Storage System in Boyolali Regency Pharmacies According to The Regulation of The Minister of Health of The Republic of Indonesia No 73 of 2016

Afidatus Sholikah — 2026-02-23

Drug storage is an important factor in maintaining drug quality so that the quality of drugs remains in accordance with the storage parameters according to Ministry of Health Regulation No. 73 of 2016. This study aims to examine the percentage of compliance with the drug storage system in pharmacies in Boyolali Regency, as regulated in Minister of Health Regulation No. 73 of 2016. The research method used was descriptive observational with data collection using a checklist, observation of pharmacies in Boyolali Regency, and interviews with the pharmacists in charge. Drug storage based on Minister of Health Regulation No. 73 of 2016 shows that storage parameters in 56 pharmacies in 18 subdistricts indicate drug storage system parameters based on dosage form, drug stability temperature, storage equipped with shelves or pallets, air conditioning and refrigerators, therapeutic or pharmacological class, and alphabetical order, showing a compliance rate of 100%. Storage based on the original packaging from the manufacturer showed a compliance rate of 94.42%. Storage areas should not be used to store other items, with a compliance rate of 98.21%, and storage of narcotic and psychotropic drugs showed a compliance rate of 92.86%. The storage systems at 56 pharmacies have met the standards set by the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 73 of 2016

Mapping Research on Environmental Awareness: A Systematic Literature Review (2000–2025)

Dewiyanti Fadly — 2026-02-26

Environmental awareness has emerged as a strategic response to the triple planetary crisis of climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss. Despite the rapid growth of related research, studies remain fragmented across disciplines, creating inconsistencies in concepts and measurement. This study aims to map research trends, effective teaching approaches, and key variables associated with environmental awareness in education through a bibliometric-based systematic literature review of Scopus-indexed publications from 2000–2025. Using PRISMA procedures and VOSviewer analysis, 43 selected articles were examined to identify publication patterns, keyword networks, and dominant research themes. The findings reveal a significant increase in publications, particularly after 2023, indicating growing global attention to environmental awareness as a priority research topic. Social sciences dominate the field, yet the literature shows strong interdisciplinary expansion involving environmental science, technology, energy, and health. Effective interventions include sustainability-based environmental education, learner-centered and participatory learning, knowledge–attitude–behavior frameworks, and technology-enhanced strategies such as gamification. Key associated variables include educational context, sustainability, environmental knowledge, attitudes, and pro-environmental behavior. Overall, environmental awareness is positioned as a multidimensional educational construct that bridges knowledge and attitudes with responsible environmental action, highlighting the importance of curriculum integration and future longitudinal research.

Adaptation of the Traditional Randai Performing Art into an Ethno-Fiction Film Scenario: The Story of 'Panyamun'

Muhammad Jel Fadjri Matenas — 2026-02-26

Randai is a traditional Minangkabau performing art based on storytelling that combines elements of dance, martial arts, singing, and traditional music. The strength of Randai lies in its oral narration, rhythmic dialogue, and improvisation by the performers. This is what makes Randai attractive for adaptation into an ethno-fiction film script. Ethno-fiction film is an ethnography-based cinematic approach that is fictional in nature, combining cultural observation methods with artistic dramatisation. This paper discusses the concept, adaptation process, and application of Sapardi Djoko Damono's method in transforming the Randai Panyamun story into a film script, rather than a finished film. This study finds that translating the narrative elements of Randai into a screenplay requires a strategy of narrative deconstruction, re-contextualisation of characters, and visual dramaturgical adjustments. The resulting screenplay retains the essence of Randai but is transformed into a cinematic ethno-fiction narrative.

Representation of the Dynamics of ID Ego and Superego in the Film Screenplay Melawan Waktu

Gilang Sukma Ramadhan — 2026-02-26

This study aims to analyse the dynamics of Alif's personality structure in the Melawan Waktu scenario using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach. The focus of the study is on the imbalance between the id, ego, and superego after Alif loses his father, as well as its impact on family relationships and his life decisions. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a documentary study technique of the script. The data were analysed by identifying dialogues and scenes that represent psychological conflicts based on the concepts of the id, ego, and superego. The results show that the dominance of the id is evident through anger and impulsive behavior, while the superego is present in the form of guilt and moral pressure. An unstable ego gives rise to anxiety and interpersonal conflict. As the story progresses, a process of acceptance is evident, signifying a strengthening of ego function. This study confirms that dramatic conflict in the screenplay represents the psychological dynamics of humans in dealing with loss.

Co-Producing Public Governance: The Role of Non-Governmental Actors in Kampung Lali Gadget Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia

Royan Khusnul Arief — 2026-02-26

This study explores the practice of public governance through the co-production model initiated by non-governmental actors in Kampung Lali Gadget (KLG), Sidoarjo, East, Indonesia. Rooted in the increasing concerns over children's gadget addiction and the erosion of local cultural literacy, this research employs a qualitative-descriptive approach to examine how community-driven initiatives can serve as alternative forms of public service delivery. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis involving community leaders, volunteers, parents, and local institutions. Findings indicate that KLG represents a form of citizen-initiated co-production, in which local youth and civil society actively engage in designing, implementing, and evaluating community-based educational services. The integration of traditional games, cultural learning, and environmental interaction has proven effective in reshaping children's behavior, enhancing community cohesion, and stimulating local economic activities. KLG's governance structure demonstrates adaptive capabilities, with layered evaluation mechanisms aligned with network governance principles. The study concludes that co-production by non-governmental actors, when grounded in local wisdom and social innovation, can provide sustainable public services that are educationally transformative, socially inclusive, and economically empowering. It also contributes to expanding the literature on co-production in community-based education and offers a replicable model for other regions facing similar sociocultural challenges.

The Existence of Tutoring Institutions: How Much does it Contribute to Student Achievement in Palu City?

Nanda Diva — 2026-02-26

This study aims to analyse the effect of the contribution of tutoring institutions on student learning outcomes. The study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method. The research subjects consisted of 75 students in grades X and XI of high schools in Palu City who were selected using purposive sampling technique between two tutoring institutions, namely Ganesha Operation and Brain Academy Teachers’ Palu. The data analysis technique used was simple linear regression with the help of SPSS. The results showed an increase in students' scores after attending tutoring. At Ganesha Operation, the average student score increased from 79.64 to 91.80, while at Brain Academy Teachers’ the average student score increased from 83.40 to 90.64. However, the regression test results show that the contribution of tutoring institutions does not significantly affect student learning outcomes. The regression coefficient value at Ganesha Operation is 0.032 with a significance of 0.036 (>0.05), while at Brain Academy Teachers’ it is 0.889 with a significance of 0.480 (>0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that the existence of tutoring institutions still has a low contribution to improving student learning outcomes, especially in Geography subjects.

Case Study on the Impact of Permissive Parenting on Early Childhood Social–Emotional Development

Ferawati Ferawati — 2026-03-06

Social–emotional development is a critical foundation for children’s lifelong learning, well-being, and social adjustment. Parenting style plays a central role in shaping children’s emotional regulation and social competence during early childhood. This study aims to explore the impact of permissive parenting on early childhood social–emotional development using a qualitative descriptive case study approach. The participant was a six-year-old male child enrolled in an early childhood education institution who demonstrated persistent challenges in emotional regulation. Data were collected through classroom observations, anecdotal records, semi-structured interviews with parents, and documentation. Data trustworthiness was ensured through technique triangulation and source triangulation. Data analysis followed the interactive model proposed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that while the child demonstrated basic social interaction skills and emerging empathy, significant difficulties were evident in emotional regulation, frustration tolerance, and independent problem-solving. These findings suggest that permissive parenting, characterized by high emotional responsiveness and low behavioral control, may limit opportunities for children to develop emotional self-regulation and social–emotional autonomy. This study highlights the importance of balanced parenting practices that integrate warmth with consistent boundaries to support optimal social–emotional development in early childhood.

A Case Study of the Impact of Parenting Styles on Independence in Early Childhood

Liyana Liyana — 2026-03-06

Independence is a crucial aspect of early childhood development that contributes to the formation of self-regulation, decision-making, and responsibility. This study aims to examine the influence of parenting styles on early childhood independence through a case study of Child A, a five-year-old child. The research employed a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through observation, interviews with parents and teachers, and documentation. The findings indicate that Child A’s independence has not yet developed optimally, particularly in the emotional, behavioral, and value-based aspects. Child A demonstrates a high level of dependence on adult assistance in carrying out daily activities both at home and at school. This condition is closely related to a permissive parenting style characterized by excessive assistance and a lack of consistent responsibility training from an early age. These findings align with Hurlock’s (1993) view that children’s independence develops through opportunities, habituation, and developmentally appropriate support. Therefore, active collaboration between parents and teachers is essential to provide appropriate guidance and opportunities to foster independence in early childhood.

A Case Study on Aggressive Behavior in Early Childhood Children with Left-Brain Dominance

Rahmah Rohadatul ‘Aisy — 2026-03-06

Aggressive behavior in early childhood is a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by the interaction between neurobiological and environmental factors. This study aims to analyze aggressive behavior in early childhood with left-hemisphere dominance and to examine its relationship with social learning processes and emotional regulation. A qualitative approach with an instrumental case study design was employed. The subject was a boy aged five years and eleven months identified as having left-brain dominance and a high level of aggressiveness based on psychological assessment results. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with parents and a child psychologist, and analysis of psychological documents. Thematic analysis was conducted based on Bandura’s social learning theory, Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory, and executive function concepts. The findings indicate that aggressive behavior manifested in physical and verbal forms, triggered by frustration, cognitive rigidity, and limited emotional regulation. Left-brain dominance functioned as an indirect risk factor when not balanced by social-emotional maturity. This study emphasizes the importance of holistic interventions involving family and school to support optimal social-emotional development in early childhood.

A Case Study on Aggressive Behavior in Early Childhood from the Perspective of Parenting Styles and Social Environment

Gina Muplihah — 2026-03-07

This study aims to describe aggressive behavior and emotional regulation in early childhood as viewed from parenting styles and the child’s social environment. The research employed a qualitative method with a case study approach, utilizing observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The findings indicate that the child exhibited both verbal and physical aggression, which were influenced by authoritarian parenting practices and a less supportive social environment. The child’s emotional regulation skills were found to be low, as evidenced by difficulties in expressing and controlling emotions. This study emphasizes the importance of responsive parenting and a positive social environment in reducing aggressive behavior and enhancing emotional regulation abilities in early childhood.

Case Study On The Effect Of Audiovisual Media On The Concentration Of Children With Adhd (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Tia Septiani — 2026-03-07

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience major difficulties in attention control, impulse regulation, and behavioral self-regulation, which affect their engagement in classroom learning. This study aims to describe the effect of audio-visual media on improving learning concentration in an early childhood student with ADHD tendencies. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach using a case study method involving a five-year-old boy enrolled in an Islamic kindergarten. Data were collected through participant observation, interviews with teachers and parents, and supporting documentation, including developmental records and psychological assessment results. The findings indicate that prior to the intervention, the child showed limited attention span, high distractibility, and difficulty following learning instructions. After the implementation of structured learning activities supported by audio-visual media, improvements were observed in attention duration, active engagement in learning activities, and the ability to follow simple instructions. Audio-visual media were effective in directing the child’s attention through the integration of visual and auditory stimuli, thereby reducing environmental distractions. This study concludes that audio-visual media have the potential to serve as an effective pedagogical strategy to support learning concentration in children with ADHD when applied consistently and developmentally appropriately in early childhood education settings.

A Case Study On Self-Regulation In Early Childhood With Intellectual Developmental Delay

Nurachmi Maisyaroh — 2026-03-07

Self-regulation is a crucial ability in early childhood development, encompassing the control of attention, behavior, and emotions within learning contexts and social interactions. This ability serves as a foundational component of children’s learning readiness and social adjustment in educational settings. Children with intellectual developmental delay often experience difficulties in self-regulation due to limitations in cognitive capacity and executive functioning, which subsequently affect learning engagement and social adaptability. This study aimed to describe the self-regulation of an early childhood learner with intellectual developmental delay using a case study approach. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with continuous observation conducted over a four-month period in a kindergarten learning environment. The research subject was a six-year-old child diagnosed with moderate intellectual developmental delay. Observations focused on attention regulation, behavioral regulation, emotional regulation, and social-emotional functioning during learning activities. The findings revealed that the child’s self-regulation had not developed in accordance with chronological age expectations. The most prominent difficulties included limited sustained attention, dependence on external guidance for behavior regulation, emotional instability when facing challenges, and restricted peer interactions. These findings indicate that intellectual developmental delay affects multiple and interrelated aspects of self-regulation, highlighting the importance of understanding self-regulation based on developmental rather than chronological age

A Case Study on the Influence of Palatal Conditions on Language Ability in Early Childhood

Nurul Shifa Fauziah — 2026-03-07

This case study examines language development in a five-year-old child with a palatal physical abnormality, focusing on differences among receptive language, early literacy skills, and expressive language. Observational findings indicate that the child’s receptive language development is age-appropriate, as shown by the ability to understand instructions, recognize vocabulary, and participate effectively in conversations. In addition, early literacy skills are well developed, reflected in the ability to recognize letters, associate sounds with symbols, and comprehend simple stories. However, the most significant area of difficulty is expressive language. This is characterized by limited vocabulary, short sentence production, difficulties in articulating certain speech sounds, and the presence of hypernasality. Although the child has undergone palatal surgery, speech function has not fully recovered, resulting in expressive language abilities that remain below age expectations. These expressive language difficulties are influenced by limitations in articulatory function, suboptimal control of airflow, restricted communication experiences, and the possibility of mild hearing impairment.

Literature Review: The Impact of Children with Multiple Disabilities in Their Life

Amira Khoirunnisa — 2026-03-07

This study reviews previous literature to determine how multiple disabilities affect children. It also examines key components of support services and the education system. Children with various disabilities face complex developmental challenges in cognitive, communication, social, and emotional areas. This study identified four key impacts from 28 scientific articles (2020–2025) using a systematic literature review approach. These four impacts are as follows: “Psychological and Emotional”; “Social and Participation”; “Family and Support Systems,”; and “Education and Services.” The findings suggest that addressing multiple disabilities requires an integrated, personalized, and family-based intervention approach. Furthermore, addressing multiple disabilities requires policies that enable broad social participation and support tailored to children’s complex needs.

The Relationship between the Dimensions of Warmth and Control in Perceived Parenting Style and Peer Pressure on Externalizing Behavior in Middle School Adolescents

Yulia Vicarista Lengu — 2026-03-15

This study analyzes the relationship between the dimensions of warmth and control in perceived parenting style, as well as peer pressure, on externalizing behavior in middle school adolescents. A quantitative correlational design was used, involving a sample of 100 middle school students in Surabaya selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments consisted of an externalizing behavior scale, a perceived parenting style scale, and a peer pressure scale. The results show that the warmth and control dimensions of perceived parenting style have a significant relationship with adolescent externalizing behavior. Additionally, peer pressure was also found to significantly contribute to the emergence of externalizing behavior. These findings affirm the importance of a warm parenting style and proportional parental control, as well as managing peer influence, in preventing externalizing behavior. In conclusion, a combination of positive parenting and healthy social support can be an important predictor for reducing externalizing behavior in adolescents. This research is expected to be a reference for parents, educators, and psychology practitioners in developing appropriate interventions to support the healthy behavioral development of adolescents.

Business Risk Momed in Banking Companies Listed On The Indonesia Stock Exchange With Digital Transformation on Financial Perfomance

Muhammad Razif — 2026-03-15

This study aims to analyze the impact of digital transformation on the financial performance of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023, with business risk as a mediator and moderator. A descriptive quantitative survey was implemented to collect data from annual reports of 229 banking companies. The data analysis utilized Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS. The findings reveal that digital transformation positively influences financial performance, with business risk playing a significant mediating role in the relationship between digital transformation and financial performance. However, business risk did not moderate the effect of digital transformation on financial performance, as no significant interaction was found. These results emphasize the importance of managing business risk as a mediator to enhance the effectiveness of digital transformation in improving financial performance in the banking sector.

Explaining Entrepreneurial Intentions in Higher Education

Agus Noor Murfa — 2026-03-15

This study aims to analyze and find a model of the relationship between career maturity, self-actualization, and entrepreneurial mindset to entrepreneurial intentions among students of the Entrepreneurship Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, State University of Makassar. The technique used in this research is quantitative design with surveys. This research was carried out in the Entrepreneurship Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, State University of Makassar with a total of 420 students from 2020 to 2024. The determination of the 205 samples was carried out using proportional random samples. Data collection methods that use questionnaire tools are disseminated through Google Forms. Furthermore, the collected data was analyzed by the PLS SEM analysis method and SmartPLS analysis software version 4. The results of the research found that (1) career maturity and self-actualization have a favorable impact on entrepreneurial mindset, (2) career maturity and self-actualization have a favorable impact on entrepreneurial intentions, (3) entrepreneurial mindset has a favorable impact on entrepreneurial intentions, and (4) career maturity and self-actualization have a beneficial impact on entrepreneurial intentions through entrepreneurial mindset.

Constraints Hindering Accelerated Reduction of Stunting

Supriyono Supriyono — 2026-03-15

Stunting remains a significant public health issue in Jember Regency, despite the implementation of various intervention programs by national and local governments. This study aims to identify and analyze the key factors that hinder efforts to reduce stunting rates in the region. Employing a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with local stakeholders, healthcare workers, and community members, the research reveals several major barriers, including low nutritional literacy, disparities in access to healthcare services, weak intersectoral coordination, and limited resources and supporting infrastructure. Additionally, entrenched cultural practices and inadequate parenting patterns perpetuate the intergenerational cycle of stunting, child marriage, or early marriage. The findings highlight the urgency of adopting an integrated, community-based approach and strengthening monitoring and evaluation systems to accelerate and sustain the reduction of stunting in Jember.

Exploring Bintan Island Through Travel Photography

Zenith Halalan — 2026-03-16

Travel photography is not merely about documenting spaces and events, but also representing the experiences, culture, and social interactions of a region. This creative research explores Bintan Island through a travel photography approach, presenting natural landscapes, coastal communities, and cultural and spiritual dimensions. The methods applied include preparation, exploration, experimentation, and completion stages. Data was collected through observation and interviews, while the creative process was based on basic photography theory, feature photography, documentation, photo stories, ethnography, and human interest. The resulting work consists of five photographs in three categories: natural landscapes, portraits of social interactions, and local culture. Technically, slow speed and stop action techniques, wide-angle lenses, exposure settings, and GND and CPL filters were used for tonal balance. The results confirm that travel photography can be a narrative medium that captures visual beauty as well as social dynamics, landscape changes, and the spiritual values of coastal communities.

Developing a Bilingual Website Integrated with Social Media for Irgift

Tsabita El Rizki — 2026-03-16

Irgift is a micro, small, and medium enterprise in Gresik that has produced and sold artificial flower bouquets since 2020. Despite its growth, the business relies only on Instagram and WhatsApp for promotion, limiting market reach and reducing credibility. This study was carried out to design and develop a bilingual website integrated with social media as a promotional medium for Irgift. Using the Design and Development Research model with the ADDIE framework, the project involved analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. Data were gathered through interviews, surveys, expert validation, and field testing. The website was created on the Wix platform with multilingual features, supported by intuitive layouts and an elegant color theme. Expert validation scored 82/100, while field testing with 35 respondents showed high satisfaction (88.6% strongly satisfied, average scores 4.4 - 4.8). Finally, the bilingual website enhances product visibility, customer trust, and marketing effectiveness, helping Irgift expand its market reach.

Interpretative Boundaries in Civil Execution: Repositioning the Enforcement Force of Judicial Dicta

Lastri Yasim — 2026-03-16

This article critically examines the normative boundaries governing judicial enforcement in civil procedure, focusing on the locus of enforcement authority in the operative part (dicta) of civil judgments. The study investigates the extent to which interpretative reliance on judicial reasoning (legal grounds) is permissible within enforcement processes without expanding the scope of the operative command. Employing a doctrinal legal methodology, this research analyzes statutory texts, principles of legal certainty, and contemporary debates in enforcement law. Findings illustrate that execution authority fundamentally attaches to the operative part of the judgment, while interpretative use of judicial reasoning should be strictly limited to clarifying ambiguous orders without introducing additional coercive measures. This position reinforces legal certainty and due process, especially in cases involving property execution and third party rights. The article contributes to the ongoing discourse on the rule of law and enforcement discretion by outlining a principled framework that respects enforcement constraints within civil procedure.

Energy Adequacy During Suhoor and Glycemic Stability for Elderly Diabetics

Achdi Kurnia — 2026-03-16

Fasting is a mandatory worship practice for Muslims, including for the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). However, this condition poses challenges in maintaining glycemic stability and energy adequacy from suhoor to iftar time. The study identified optimal nutritional strategies to achieve energy sufficiency during suhoor and to maintain stable blood glucose levels in the elderly with DM2. The research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, examining scientific articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science from 2010–2024. Literature selection is carried out through the stages of identification, screening, and eligibility using the PRISMA guidelines. The results of the study showed that a balanced composition of suhoor food including complex carbohydrates (100–150 g), animal protein (50–75 g), vegetable protein (±50 g), fibrous vegetables (±100 g), low glycemic index fruit (±100 g), healthy fats (30–50 g), low-fat milk (±200 ml), and adequate hydration (2–3 glasses of water) play an important role in maintaining glycemic stability in the elderly with DM2. The energy needs of the elderly with diabetes range from 25–30 kcal/kg of body weight per day, with suhoor contributing around 30–40% of the total daily energy needs (±450–600 kcal). Energy intake below the sufficiency threshold can increase the risk of hypoglycemia, fatigue, and impaired metabolic function. In contrast, energy intake above the maximum limit can lead to hyperglycemia, obesity, and insulin resistance. The importance of planning a balanced suhoor menu to maintain stable blood glucose levels in elderly individuals with DM2 during fasting.

Web and Mobile-Based Online Watch Auction Application Using Waterfall Method

Alfian Nur Kusuma — 2026-03-16

The advancement of mobile technology has driven the creation of digital solutions that simplify various activities, including the auction process. This study aims to design and develop a mobile-based online watch auction application using Flutter as the user interface development framework. In addition to the mobile application for users, a web-based admin dashboard was also developed to manage auction data, including creating auctions. The backend system was developed using Node.js with PostgreSQL as the database management system. The mobile application provides key features such as user registration, login, viewing auction lists, placing bids, and viewing bidding history. Meanwhile, the web admin system enables administrators to manage auction items and monitor the auction process efficiently. The test results show that the main features function according to user needs, and the system runs stably on both mobile devices and web platforms. This application is expected to serve as a practical and easy-to-use digital auction platform.

Schema Theory and Vocabulary Categorization

Fitriani — 2026-02-15

The aim of this study is to investigate how the application of schema-based vocabulary categorization influences nursing students’ comprehension of medical English proficiency. To achieve this objective, a descriptive qualitative method was implemented. The subject in this research was 59 nursing students at STIKES IST Buton. The data were collected through observations, tests, questionnaires, and interviews. The process of data analysis was conducted by categorizing lexical knowledge to enhance contextual analysis. As a result, the point of conclusion is reached. The findings indicate that this method improves students' contextual analysis, resulting in more accurate and professional medical translations. By actively structuring lexical knowledge based on schema theory, this approach offers a practical framework for English for Specific Purposes (ESP) curricula. This study suggests that implementing vocabulary categorization helps nursing students overcome linguistic complexity in a global context, leading to better mastery of medical English.

The Development of a Mindful Explorer Learning Model to Enhance Emotional Regulation in Children Aged 4–5 Years

Miranti Rachmawati — 2026-03-19

This study aimed to develop and examine the feasibility and effectiveness of the Mindful Explorer learning model in improving emotional regulation in children aged 4–5 years. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model, which consists of the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects were children aged 4–5 years at TK Negeri Pembina Purwakarta. The experimental group consisted of 10 children who received learning activities using the Mindful Explorer model. Data were collected through observations, interviews, expert validation, and assessment sheets. The results of expert validation indicated that the model was highly feasible, with a validation score of 95.56%. This result shows that the model meets the required standards in terms of content suitability, learning methods, media, evaluation instruments, and learning objectives. The effectiveness test showed an improvement in children’s emotional regulation after the implementation of the Mindful Explorer model. Based on the N-Gain calculation, the average N-Gain score was 0.55 (moderate category), with a percentage increase of 31.46% from the pretest to the posttest. The improvement was reflected in children’s ability to recognize emotions, control emotional responses, and express feelings more adaptively during learning activities. Therefore, the Mindful Explorer learning model is considered highly feasible and effective as an innovative learning approach to support emotional regulation development in early childhood.

Development of the DIY (Do-It-Yourself) Learning Model to Improve Problem-Solving Skills of Children Aged 5–6 Years

Utami Purbasari — 2026-03-19

Problem-solving skills are essential competencies that need to be developed during early childhood education. However, learning practices in many early childhood institutions are still teacher-centered, limiting children's opportunities to explore and solve problems independently. This study aimed to develop and examine the effectiveness of a DIY (Do-It-Yourself) learning model to improve problem-solving skills among children aged 5–6 years. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach adapted from the ADDIE model consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The effectiveness of the model was tested using a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The research participants consisted of 14 children from Group B at TK Negeri Parakanlima, Purwakarta. Data were collected using observation sheets measuring four indicators of problem-solving ability. The results showed a significant improvement in children's problem-solving skills, with the average score increasing from 52.43 in the pretest (developing category) to 80.36 in the posttest (very well-developed category). The N-Gain value of 0.65 indicated a moderate-to-high effectiveness level. The findings demonstrate that the DIY learning model can provide meaningful learning experiences through hands-on construction activities using recycled materials, encouraging children's independence, creativity, and critical thinking. Therefore, the DIY learning model can serve as an innovative pedagogical alternative to support the development of problem-solving skills in early childhood education.

Development of LULABLOCKS: Textured Color Blocks to Enhance Fine Motor Skills in Children Aged 4–6 Years

Leli Nurlaeli — 2026-03-19

This study aimed to develop textured color smart blocks called “LULABLOCKS” and examine their feasibility and effectiveness in improving fine motor skills in children aged 4–6 years. The study employed the ADDIE development model consisting of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects consisted of 40 children aged 4–6 years at TK Trisula Perwari, Purwakarta Regency. Data were collected through observations, interviews, expert validation, and fine motor skill assessments using pre-test and post-test measurements.

The results of the study indicate that: (1) the LULABLOCKS textured color smart blocks were successfully developed with key features including texture variations, interlocking connection systems, diverse colors and shapes, and comprehensive usage guidelines; (2) expert validation results showed an average feasibility score of 88.8% (very valid category), with the highest score obtained in the aspect of usefulness for fine motor skill development (100%); and (3) there was a significant improvement in children's fine motor skills, increasing from an average score of 2.11 (52.6%) in the pre-test to 3.29 (82.2%) in the post-test, representing an improvement of 29.6%, with statistical significance indicated by t-count 18.72 > t-table 2.02 (p < 0.05). The 4–6 years age group showed the highest improvement (30.7%). Teacher and student responses were highly positive, with an acceptance level exceeding 80%.

In conclusion, the LULABLOCKS textured color smart blocks are valid, practical, and effective in improving fine motor skills in early childhood, particularly in the aspects of grasping and manipulating small objects.

Development Of Smart Cube Learning Media To Improve Critical Thinking Skills In Children Aged 4–5 Years

Dewi Badriah — 2026-03-19

This study aims to develop Smart Cube learning media based on problem-solving activities to improve the critical thinking skills of children aged 4–5 years. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which consists of the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects included children aged 4–5 years and early childhood teachers. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. Product validation was conducted by media experts and material experts to determine the feasibility of the developed learning media. The results of the study indicate that the needs analysis revealed the importance of providing concrete, attractive, and interactive learning media capable of stimulating children's critical thinking activities. The developed Smart Cube met both theoretical and empirical feasibility criteria and was categorized as feasible to highly feasible based on expert validation results. Limited trials showed that the Smart Cube was easy for teachers to use and received positive responses from children during learning activities. Furthermore, the effectiveness test demonstrated that the use of Smart Cube learning media effectively improved the critical thinking skills of children aged 4–5 years. Quantitatively, there was an increase in children's critical thinking abilities after the use of the media. Qualitatively, children showed improvements in activeness, curiosity, simple problem-solving abilities, and confidence in expressing their opinions. Therefore, Smart Cube can serve as an innovative and practical learning medium to support the development of critical thinking skills in early childhood education.

Development Of The “Rumah Pintar Gembira (Maharia)” Learning Media To Improve Cognitive Abilities Of Early Childhood

Nura Puspa Nirwani — 2026-03-19

This study aims to develop an innovative learning medium called Rumah Pintar Gembira (MAHARIA) to improve the cognitive abilities of early childhood. The research was conducted using a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The study was carried out in two early childhood education institutions, namely TK Sukakarya and TK Cemerlang in Sukabumi City, with children aged 4–5 years as the research subjects. The needs analysis revealed that cognitive learning media used in both institutions were limited and mostly consisted of worksheets and static picture cards. Most teachers (78–90%) expressed the need for concrete, manipulative, and interactive learning media, while the average cognitive ability of children was still in the low category (43.7%). Based on these findings, the MAHARIA learning media was developed in the form of a three-dimensional miniature house equipped with eight learning activity components designed to stimulate number recognition, one-to-one correspondence, classification skills, and simple problem-solving abilities. The feasibility of the media was validated by three experts consisting of one media expert and two material experts, resulting in an average feasibility score of 75.3%, categorized as feasible with revision. The effectiveness test was conducted using a comparative experimental design. The experimental group obtained an average N-Gain score of 0.51 (moderate category), which was higher than the comparison group with an average N-Gain score of 0.28 (low category). These findings indicate that the MAHARIA learning media contributes positively to improving early childhood cognitive abilities compared to conventional learning media. Therefore, the MAHARIA learning media can serve as an alternative innovative learning medium to support cognitive development in early childhood education.

Development Of The “Langkah Ceria” Interactive Carpet Media To Improve Gross Motor Skills Of Early Childhood

Rini Nurbaning Janah — 2026-03-19

This study aims to develop the interactive carpet media “Langkah Ceria” to improve gross motor skills of early childhood. The research was motivated by the low level of gross motor development among children aged 5–6 years at TK Negeri Manonjaya, Tasikmalaya Regency, where many children had not achieved the expected developmental standards. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which includes Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The research involved 75 children from five classes of Group B. Data were collected using a modified Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) instrument consisting of 15 indicators covering five domains: static balance, locomotor walking, locomotor jumping, manipulative coordination, and dynamic balance. The effectiveness of the developed media was tested using a one-group pretest–posttest design. The results show that the interactive carpet media is feasible and effective for learning activities. Expert validation from two material experts and one media expert yielded an average feasibility score of 91.3%, categorized as very feasible. The implementation results indicate an increase in the average gross motor score from 18.87 (41.9%) in the pretest to 29.29 (65.1%) in the posttest, with an average N-Gain score of 0.40 in the moderate category. These findings indicate that the “Langkah Ceria” interactive carpet can serve as an innovative and practical learning medium to support the development of gross motor skills in early childhood.

Development Of The “Awi” Bamboo Bracelet Educational Media To Improve Early Childhood Cognitive Development

Nia Kurniasih — 2026-03-19

Cognitive development in early childhood is a crucial foundation for later academic achievement. However, many early childhood education institutions still face challenges in providing effective cognitive stimulation due to limited learning media and the dominance of conventional teaching approaches. This study aimed to develop an educational medium called the “AWI” Bamboo Bracelet as a manipulative learning tool based on local cultural resources to enhance the cognitive development of children aged 5–6 years. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the 4D development model, which includes the stages of Define, Design, and Develop. The participants consisted of 20 children in Group B at TK Islam Nurul Huda, Cibalong District, Tasikmalaya Regency. Data were collected through structured observations, interviews, expert validation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, and cognitive development assessment sheets using a one-group pretest–posttest design. Data analysis involved validity percentage calculations, normalized N-Gain analysis, and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The results indicated that the AWI Bamboo Bracelet media was highly valid according to material experts (87%) and media experts (85%). Teacher responses showed a practicality score of 93%, categorized as very practical. The effectiveness test demonstrated a significant improvement in children's cognitive development with an overall N-Gain score of 0.69, indicating a moderate-to-high improvement. Therefore, the AWI Bamboo Bracelet media can serve as an innovative, practical, and culturally relevant learning medium to support cognitive development in early childhood education.

Development Of Pugo Learning Media To Improve Early Childhood Cognitive Skills In Geometry Concepts

Nuryani Putri — 2026-03-19

This study aimed to develop PUGO learning media that is feasible and effective in improving early childhood cognitive abilities in understanding geometric concepts. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The research subjects were 57 children aged 4–6 years at TK Kemala Bhayangkari 11, Purwakarta Regency, divided into three groups: Group A with 17 children aged 4–5 years, Group B1 with 20 children aged 5–6 years, and Group B2 with 20 children aged 5–6 years. The research instruments included expert validation sheets and observation sheets measuring children's geometric cognitive abilities, covering four indicators: recognizing geometric shapes, naming geometric shapes, grouping geometric shapes, and arranging geometric shapes into patterns. The results showed that the PUGO media was highly feasible, with a validation score of 96.7% from three experts. Theoretical feasibility was supported by Piaget’s cognitive development theory, constructivist learning theory, play-based learning theory, multiple intelligences theory, and van Hiele’s geometric thinking theory. The media proved highly effective, increasing children's cognitive performance from 47.0% to 79.0%, representing a 68.1% improvement, with a gain score of 0.60 (moderate to high category). After implementation, 92% of children reached the “Developing as Expected” level or higher, indicating that PUGO media effectively supports early childhood understanding of geometric concepts through concrete and playful learning experiences.

Development Of Puji (Emoji Puzzle) Learning Media Assisted By Picture Cards To Improve Emotional Intelligence Of Children Aged 4–6 Years

Isti Cintami Sarikasdani — 2026-03-19

This study aims to develop an emoji puzzle assisted by picture cards to improve the emotional intelligence of children aged 4–6 years. The background of the study indicates that some children at TK Cinta Ibu experience difficulties in identifying and expressing their emotions, while others are not yet able to recognize the emotions of their peers. The limited availability of learning media specifically designed to support emotional intelligence development has become a major challenge in early childhood education institutions. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Four-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The define stage involved needs analysis through observation and interviews. The design stage produced a puzzle prototype representing eight basic emotions (happy, sad, angry, afraid, surprised, shy, proud, and disgusted) supported by contextual situation cards. The develop stage included expert validation and a limited trial using a one-group pretest–posttest design with 30 children (10 children aged 4–5 years and 20 children aged 5–6 years). Effectiveness was analyzed using the Normalized Gain (N-Gain). The results show that the emoji puzzle model is theoretically feasible, highly valid according to expert evaluation, and moderately effective in improving children’s emotional intelligence.

Psychoeducation on Emotional Regulation to Reduce Aggressive Behavior in Students of High School "X", East Java

Yan Tamara Rosyida — 2026-03-19

Adolescence is a crucial transition period in human development, where individuals are between childhood and adulthood. During this period, adolescents experience significant changes that can be characterized by various striking changes, both in physical, cognitive, emotional, and psychological aspects, as well as in social relationships. These changes can give rise to negative behavior and violate the law or social norms if not properly addressed, such as aggressive behavior. Aggressive behavior refers to actions intentionally carried out to harm others, such as hitting, kicking, pushing. At High School "X" East Java aggressive behavior among students has become a serious concern that is growing, especially after a complaint from one of the parents revealed an increase in cases of fights between students. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to provide students with a deeper understanding of how to overcome aggressive behavior. The methods used in this study include psychoeducation and role-play. The results of the analysis showed a mean value of the pretest of .00 and a mean value of the posttest of 8.00. The significance value (2-tailed) of the pretest and posttest was 0.001 <0.05, which means there is a significant difference between before and after.