The Phenomenon of Early Marriage: A Case Study in Teluk Kuali Village, Tebo Ulu District,

This thesis is entitled “The Phenomenon of Early Marriage: A Case Study in Teluk Kuali Village, Tebo Ulu District, Tebo District, Jambi Province”. The purpose of this research is to describe Early Marriage, that is, there are factors that cause Early Marriage, these factors are also inherent in a person which causes social problems. The theory used in this thesis is the phenomenological theory of Alfred Schutz. The method that the author uses is a qualitative method, with data collection techniques namely observation, interviews and documentation. The requirement for a person to marry is when a woman reaches the age of 19 (nineteen) years, and for a man 19 (nineteen) years this is stated in the Law on Marriage. Early marriage is a marriage carried out by a pair of teenagers (boys and girls) who are less than 19 years old and immature physically and psychologically. The Impact of Early Marriage has positive and negative impacts, the positive impacts are becoming more independent, avoiding adultery, and reducing the burden on parents. Furthermore, it can also be seen from the side of the negative impact, namely, it often causes problems in the household, education, and a low economy.


INTRODUCTION
Humans are social creatures whose lives are always in contact with other people, because by nature humans have limitations with these limitations humans have a strong instinct to need each other and complement each other by perfecting these limitations, humans cannot live without other people and interact between humans one human being with another (Asmawarni, 2015: 1).God created humans in pairs as in this study there was marriage.Marriage is carried out for survival between two human beings, women and men.Marriage is always coveted by every human being, where by marriage they will live under the same roof with the partner they have chosen to accompany their life to the end.
Marriage, namely the ceremony of binding the marriage vows carried out or carried out by two people aims to formalize the marriage bond religiously, legally and socially (Mubasyaroh, 2016: 386).This marriage has many varieties and variations according to ethnic, religious and cultural traditions as well as social class.As happened in Teluk Kuali Village, there were early marriages caused by several problems ranging from dropping out of school, due to being unable to afford school fees and association.Early marriage takes place aged 16-18 years.cases that occur are influenced by the environment because the association of teenagers today is very broad with the development of social media now that it is already difficult to control.Some of them have to drop out of school and fail to attend school due to lack of ability (poverty).
According to Junaidi (2019:35) Generally, teenagers who are married under the age of 20 do not yet have sufficient views and knowledge about how the role of a mother or the role of a man as a father and as the head of the household should be.Such a situation is a risk that can affect harmony in the household.According to Aprianti (2018:62) The choice that parents make in dealing with KTD (unwanted pregnancies) is mostly to marry teenagers, because by marrying teenagers with KTD can cover up the shame of the family and is considered the most effective way of solving KTD problems.Although the age of teenagers who are still young to marry is not a problem for the family, because of the culture of Indonesian people who accept marriage at an early age.Based on the above phenomenon, the researcher wants to examine the factors and impacts of the phenomenon of early marriage in Teluk Village, Tebo Ulu District, Tebo District, Jambi Province.Sugiyono (2009:15) Qualitative research is basically a post-positivist philosophy used by researchers to learn about the state of the main natural objects (not experiments).By means of targeted data sampling from data sources.The survey method uses triangulation (combination) of inductive or qualitative data analysis.The qualitative method is that it can study, explain or interpret a case in a society naturally, as it is and without any intervention from other parties.Besides that, it can also describe the phenomena obtained and analyze them in the form of words that obtain a conclusion.This method will be able to describe more thoroughly the factors behind the Early Marriage Phenomenon as a Case Study and How the Impact of the Early Marriage Phenomenon in Teluk Kuali Village, Tebo Ulu District, Tebo District, Jambi Province.

FINDING AND DISCUSSION
From the results of the study there are several factors behind the phenomenon of early marriage.1. Self-desire factor Couples or those who are already dating and feel that they love each other have a desire to marry at a young age because they feel that they already want to belong together.With a very young age, some of them don't think much about getting married at a young age 2. Family economic factors Economy is a form of power to meet basic needs.Needs are not only related to food, but represent all things that are basic human needs physically which include food, clothing, shelter and security.In addition, factors that also determine family consumption patterns include family income levels, family size, education of the head of the family and working status of women (Rosramadhana et al, 2016: 69).

Parental factor
Parents are a form of family consisting of mother and father, are the result of legal marriage ties that can form a family.Parents have the responsibility to guide their children to reach further stages of and to become married.

Promiscuity factor
Free association in question is a form of interaction behavior between individuals and a person or group that deviates beyond the boundaries of obligations and rules, can also be interpreted as deviant behavior that violates religious norms.Based on Rosita's assumptions (2020:135), namely, why is there an influence between social factors and promiscuity in adolescents, namely because association has a considerable influence on the formation of adolescent personality.The associations he does will reflect his personality, both positive associations and negative associations.

Environmental factor
The environment is very influential on the mindset of a child in his teens, their peers who they often make an example of in their lives.Seeing friends of his age dating arose a feeling of wanting to date him.Especially with increasingly sophisticated technology, a child has a way to get what they want.

Educational factor
According to Noorkasiani in the journal Yanti (2018:100) Education is one of the factors that influence a person's perception, with higher education a person will more easily accept or choose a change that is more.The lower a person's education leads to early marriage (underage), education is always an important factor for someone to see the world and see himself.Education also does not only come from the formal, but can also come from the family and social environment.
Furthermore, the impact contained in the phenomenon of early marriage has positive and negative impacts.
Positive impact namely: 1) Becoming more independent, a woman will raise her motherly attitude after marriage and having children while the man will have more responsibility to fulfill his life.As marriage is a link to knit two different things between the opposite sex, and someone who does early marriage will train himself to be ready to face a new problem that must be responded to and lived with maturity.2) Avoid adultery, the development of the era on social media which is very sophisticated at this time causes a lot of good or bad things, child associations that are difficult to control, parents worry about their children who are afraid of causing actions that are prohibited by religion, so parents also allow their children to marry early.3) reducing the burden on parents, by marrying off their children, all their children's needs will be transferred to their husbands, and even by marrying off their children, parents want their children to be able to help their economy.
The negative impacts, namely: 1) often cause problems in the household, an unstable mindset and immature attitude make it difficult for someone to build a good household.Like case 1 that I encountered, they often had quarrels in the household because their husband was a drunkard and gambler.Every day, his husband came home at night smelling of alcohol and was angry at his wife because he could not accept losing gambling.
2) Low Economy.On average, the informants I found have the same fate as having a minimal economy after marriage, they even often fight because their husbands do not meet the basic needs of life, even making it difficult for children to spend.
Based on the factors behind the Early Marriage Phenomenon, it can be analyzed using Alfred Schutz's phenomenological theory, Schutz said that in the world of life there is something that is divided, which is the same culture.According to Schutz, the categories of knowledge originate from the world of life itself.Schutz also said that for social science satisfaction, it must start from an understanding of the subjective world of a person, and study the world of his social life.Every interaction that is carried out is a process of sending signals to other people, it is not asked about the assumption if each of them who interact has the same view of the reality that is happening.
Schutz divides between meaning and motive, meaning related to how actors show important aspects of their social life, while motive shows the reason someone does something.Schutz also brought phenomenology to the social sciences.According to Schutz, phenomenology quoted by Kuswarno in his book entitled Phenomenology Conception Guidelines and examples of his research states that phenomenology is the link between scientific knowledge and everyday experience, and from the activities in which experience and knowledge occur (Kuswarno, 2009: 17).So it can be concluded that phenomenological theory examines the phenomenon of early marriage that occurs in Teluk Kuali Village by linking phenomena from Alfred Schutz's theory which discusses the phenomenon of human life which links scientific knowledge and everyday experience and to see the background factors and impacts of marriage.Early what happened in Teluk Kuali Village.
To gain an understanding and analyze the factors and impacts behind the occurrence of early marriage in Teluk Kuali, namely the process of giving meaning and understanding of the actions that shape behavior.Schutz's thinking provides a motive that makes movement into an action so that it has meaning for a phenomenon that has occurred, so as to get the results of the phenomenon of early marriage, namely economic factors, parental factors, promiscuity factors and environmental factors.Furthermore, the positive impact is becoming more independent, avoiding adultery, reducing the burden on parents.The negative impact is that it often causes problems in the household, low economy.

CONCLUSION
The results of the overall conclusion entitled "The Phenomenon of Early Marriage: A Case Study of Teluk Kuali Village, Tebo Ulu District, Tebo District, Jambi Province" can be concluded that there are several factors, namely, self-desire factors, economic factors, parental factors, promiscuity factors, environmental factors , and educational factors.
Furthermore, the impact of early marriage has positive and negative impacts, while the positive impact is becoming more independent, avoiding adultery, and reducing the burden on parents.Furthermore, the negative impact is that it often causes problems in the household, education and low economy.
Above the conclusions above there are also suggestions For adolescents, there must be awareness from adolescents about the importance of education, because education because education has a very large influence on life.For a marriage is to form a harmonious and eternal family or household based on Belief in the One and Only God, early marriage is done so that you can think long and hard to have considerations in terms of advantages and disadvantages.To parents, parents can pay more attention to every movement made by their children and provide an understanding of parents' perceptions that early marriage is not always to lighten the burden on parents.And provide guidance to their children about the importance of education to achieve the future and not rush into marriage.