Analysis of Mistakes in Indonesian Language in The Community of Mekar Tanjung

The purpose of this study is to determine the style of language and describe the meaning of Fiersa Besari's songs through a Hermeneutic approach based on the theory of Frierdrich Ernst Daniel Schleirmacher with the theory of Grammatical Interpretation and Psychological Interpretation. This type of research method is descriptive qualitative. Data collection methods and techniques used in this study, namely library methods and field methods where the techniques used are recording techniques, listening techniques and note taking techniques. The data analysis technique focuses on how hermeneutics works in discussing the interpretation of meaning. The results of this study the author concludes that the lyrics of the song Fiersa Besari uses a variety of language styles such as metonymy, hyperbole, pleonasm, personification, metaphor, sarcasm, eroticism, assonation, polysindenton, epithet, satire, cynicism, and irony . The meanings contained in the lyrics of the song are: (1) about a long distance love story, (2) a devotional song to improve attitudes towards the Indonesian homeland, (3) an unrequited love story, (4) satire to the people and the Indonesian government. Language is associated with the identity of a nation. Communication is difficult between ethnic groups because the use of Indonesian orally is influenced by the dialect of each ethnic group. This study aims to determine errors in spoken Indonesian among the people of Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District in terms of phonological, morphological and syntactic interference. Qualitative research methods, data analysis techniques using interviews with three different sources. The results of the study explained that errors in spoken language in the aspect of phonological interference were found in 13 words, errors in spoken language in the aspect of morphological interference were found in 11 (four) words and errors in spoken language in the community of Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District in terms of syntactic interference aspects were found as many as 11 (eleven) phrases, 5 (five) sentences of errors in clauses and 10 (ten) sentences in sentences without a subject.


INTRODUCTION
Humans are social beings who involve other humans in doing things interaction.One of the interactions that humans do is communication through language.The ability to interact through communication carried out by individuals with individuals, individuals with groups or Groups with groups work well when speakers and listeners communicate smoothly, meaning that each other understands what each speaker hears in the same language.
Language is associated with an identity nation.The Indonesian nation itself consists of various types of tribes, the number of which reaches more than 1,300 ethnic groups spread throughout Indonesia.Each tribe has a different regional language.This makes communication difficult between ethnic groups because the use of Indonesian orally is influenced by the dialect of each ethnic group.
One of the ethnic groups in Indonesia is the Toba Batak tribe.Like most other ethnicities in Indonesia, the use of Indonesian orally by the Toba Batak people is also influenced by the Toba Batak language dialect.
According to Tantawi (2016), a dialect is a form of language that is spoken by residents in an area and does not have a form of written language.Based on the results of observations that have been made, the use of Indonesian orally spoken by the people of Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District, Asahan Regency is still influenced by the Toba Batak dialect.This led to communication between citizens who different tribes experience difficulties because the dialect of the Toba Batak tribe is quite thick so that it becomes a barrier at times carry out interactions between residents who have ethnic differences because of numbers Toba Batak people in Mekar Tanjung Village are not dominant compared to residents with Javanese ethnicity.This phenomenon causes a problem related to the symptoms of Indonesian phonology, morphology and syntactic interference.
According to Chaer (2003), phonology is a field of linguistics which is focused on observing, studying, analyzing and discussing those related to the sound system of a language.Morphology according to Verhaar in Chaer (2003), a branch of linguistics that identifies the basic forms of language.The people of Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District, Asahan Regency are familiar with the Toba Batak dialect in communicating in everyday life.However, in terms of linguistic rules, this is a finding of errors in the Indonesian language which can lead to misinterpretation of the message conveyed.
According to Sugono (2012), language errors occur as a result of the use of speech forms of various linguistic units, including words, sentences and paragraphs that deviate from the standard system of Indonesian rules.Language errors that occur through the dialect of the Toba Batak tribe in the people of Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District, Asahan Regency are not because they do not understand or have not learned Indonesian, but because of the mother tongue and traditions that have been inherent in the pronunciation of Indonesian by speaking the dialect of the Batak tribe.Toba until now.
Meanwhile, according to Chaer (2003), syntactic interference is a phenomenon that occurs as a result of deviations from the norms of one or more languages.The results of the observations indicated that the language errors that occurred were not only at one observation point, but had already spread to almost the entire area of Mekar Tanjung Village and even to the HKBP's caretaker church.Even though the congregants use Indonesian, the dialect of the Toba Batak tribe can be heard and several errors have been found that have been uttered by speakers .
According to Komaruddin (2011), analysis is an activity of thinking to decompose a whole into components so that it can recognize the signs of the components, their relationship to one another other speech (sentence) is complete And function each in One more.According to Darminto (2007), the process of analysis is the breakdown of a basis for the various parts and the study of the parts themselves, as well as the relationships between the parts to obtain a proper understanding and understanding of the overall meaning.
According to Chaer (2003), language as media for conveying information in communication.Meanwhile, according to Suwarna (2002), language is the main tool for communicating in human life, both individually and socially collectively.
Indonesian comes from language Malay and belongs to the Austronesian family.Planting the term Malay has been done in the past 683-686 AD, namely the year numbers listed on ancient Malay inscriptions from Palembang and Bangka.These inscriptions were written in Pallawa script by order of the king of the Sriwijaya kingdom, a maritime kingdom that triumphed in the 19th century.7th and 812th.
According to Sugono (2012), mistakes language occurs due to the use of speech forms of various linguistic units, including words, sentences and paragraphs that deviate from the standard system of Indonesian language rules.Meanwhile, according to Rohmadi (2010), language errors are errors that occur due to an error and interference from the local language that is usually spoken by someone without any element of intent, but rather a factor of habit.
The types of language errors according to Corder in Chaer (2003), include: 1. Lapes are language errors caused by language speakers changing the way to say something before the whole 2. Errors are language errors caused by speakers who violate established rules or grammatical rules (breaches of code).3. Mistake is a language error caused by speakers not choosing the right words or expressions for certain situations.According to Chaer (2003), phonology is the field of linguistics that studies, analyzes and discusses sequences of language sounds.Meanwhile, according to Keraf in Chaer (2003), phonology is one of the sciences of language which specifically discusses and examines the problems of language sounds.According to Rahmadi (2017), phonology is divided into two types, including: 1. Phonetics Learn how to produce language sounds or how a language sound is produced by the human vocal organs, sounds that come out of the mouth without getting hitched, which only hinders the position of the tongue, the shape of the lips, vowels (a,i,u,e,o).

Phonemic
As the smallest unit of language that is functional, it means that the phoneme unit has a function to differentiate meaning.Phonemes can also be defined as distinctive sound units or significant sound units.
According to Chaer (2003), phonology has sound classifications, including: 1. Based on whether there are obstacles to air currents in the vocal tract.
2. Based on the way out of the air current.
3. Based on the presence or absence of current tension air when sound is articulated.4. Based on the duration of the sound when spoken or articulated.5. Based on the degree of loudness.6.Based on its embodiment in syllables.7. Based on air current.According to Chaer (2003), sound is produced by the formation of vowels, consonants, diphthongs and clusters as described below: 1. Vocal formation 2. Formation of Consonants 3. Formation of Diphthongs 4. Cluster Formation According to Mulyana (2007), morphology is a branch of linguistics that studies word forms, word changes and the impact of these changes on the meaning and class of words.According to Tarigan (2005), the form of errors in morphology is found in errors in using language caused by the wrong choice of affixes, repeated words, compound words and the wrong choice of word forms.
According to Tarigan (2005), morphology is related to the purposes of analyzing language errors, including: 1. Affixation error Affixation comes from the basic word affix.Affixes are bound forms which, when added to a basic word or basic form, will change the grammatical meaning.
2. Reduplication error One form of morphological error in terms of reduplication is the repetition of basic forms, for example composing.This form of repetition is based on the origin of the word coral which then gets the prefix meN-so that it becomes composing.Furthermore, the basic word composing undergoes a reduplication process of composing, which should be composing at school.
According to Sudaryanto (2015), syntax is a branch of grammar that talks about the ins and outs of discourse, sentences, clauses, and phrases.Syntactic interference is a form of interference caused by the arrangement or use of sentences in the second language which is influenced by the sentence structure in the first language.
Syntax is the arrangement and relationship of words to words or to other larger units.According to Tarigan (2005), syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies the structure of sentences and their parts.Syntactic errors are errors or deviations in the structure of phrases, clauses or sentences, as well as the inaccuracy of using particles.
According to Chaer (2003), a phrase is a combination of two or more words that are non-predicate or commonly also called a combination of words that fill one of the syntactic functions in a sentence.
According to Chaer (2003), a phrase is a syntactic unit in the form of a series of words with a predicative construction.There are components of words or phrases that function as subjects, predicates, objects and descriptions.In a clause, at least it must contain a subject and predicate, while objects and information are optional or not required.
In everyday written language, we often encounter sentences that have no subject and no predicate (pregnant sentences).Sentences that do not have a predicate are caused by the presence of successive or too long subject information.The description is given another explanation so that the writer or speaker is complacent and that the sentence he made is incomplete or does not have a predicate.

METHOD
This research uses the method qualitative.Subandi (2011), qualitative research is a type of research that explores and understands the meaning in a number of individuals or groups of people originating from social problems.
While the focus of qualitative research is on the process and the meaning of the results.The attention of qualitative research is more focused on human elements, objects and institutions as well as the relationships or interactions between these elements, in an effort to understand an event, behavior or phenomenon.This research was conducted in the village Mekar Tanjung, Teluk Dalam District , Asahan Regency from July to November 2022, the subject of this research is the community.Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District, Asahan Regency which is focused on HKBP Church congregations is located in Hamlet 1 which consists of three categories, namely: 1. Children, namely research subjects taken from Sunday school activities.
2. Youth congregation, namely the research subject determined from one of the church members.3. Church administrators, namely one of the church leaders.

Data collection technique 1. Observation
This technique was carried out by observing the research subjects, namely Sunday school children, youth congregation and HKPB Soapgan church officials in Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District, Asahan Regency by means of communication or dialogue.

Recording
Recording activities are carried out in two ways, namely sound recordings and video recordings.This is done so that it is easy to determine research studies, namely phonological interference, morphological interference and syntactic interference.The instrument used in this recording method is a mobile phone.

Record keeping
Recording all the recordings and selecting words and sentences related to phonological, morphological and syntactic interference by the sources who were used as research subjects, namely Sunday school children, youth congregations and church administrators of HKPB Sabungan in Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District, Ashan District.Discussion: The words masok, belom, jamaat and disinfectant have changed vowel sounds because according to Indonesian spelling, these words should be pronounced with / in /, /yet/, /congregation/ and /disinfectant/.

Errors in changing consonant sounds
Following are some of the findings of spoken language errors in the aspect of phonological interference in changes in consonant sounds, including: The words causing, covit, activity and tertip have changed the consonant sound so that these words should be pronounced with /causes/, /covit/, /activity/ and /order/.

Errors in omitting vowels
As for several identified word findings that have occurred omissions of vowels in the aspect of phonological interference, namely: Discussion: The words church, them and sterilkan have omitted vowels so the words should be pronounced with /church/, /them/ and /sterilkan/.

Error in deleting consonants
Findings of errors in spoken language in the aspect of phonological interference in the omission of consonants will be described below: a The words taun, already, learning, learning, society and hopefully there has been an omission of consonants so that these words should be pronounced with /year/, /already/, /learn/, /learn/, /society/ and /hopefully/.

Error in adding consonants
The results of the interviews stated that errors in adding consonants were in the aspect of phonological interference, including: a. "….. a lot of people get covid 19…." (Sitorus, 2022) b. "….can still worship" (Sitorus, 2022) Discussion: The words kenak and jugak occur with the addition of a consonant /k/ at the end of the word and should be pronounced with /kena/ and /also/.

Oral Language Errors in Aspect Morphological Interference 1. Errors in affixes and prefixes
The following will describe errors in spoken language in the aspect of interference in the use of affixes and prefixes, including: Discussion: Words to inhibit should be pronounced with /inhibit/, then the word chat should be pronounced with /chat/, the word stay away should be pronounced with /avoid/ and the word to tell should be added with the prefix /kan/ to /memurkan/.

Changes in the pronunciation of phonemes (allophones)
Some of the findings of errors in spoken language in terms of interference with changes in the pronunciation of phonemes (allophones) can be seen in the following words: a. "….maskEr, like that" (Sitorus, 2022) b. "…. because our church is closed" (Silalahi, 2022) c. "….. our church was sprayed several times that time" (Silalahi, 2022) Discussion: The word maskEr, karEna, is sprayed and there are several changes in the pronunciation of the vowel phoneme /e/ the vowel should be pronounced weakly instead of /E/ or amplified so that these words should be pronounced with /mask/, /because/, /sprayed/ and /some/.

Changes in consonant phonemes
There is one word that has a consonant phoneme change, namely: "….We can't come to the church directly…" (Sitorus, 2022).The word should not be written with /tak/ or /No/.
4. Diphthong shape changes The errors in spoken language in the aspect of interference on changes in the form of diphthongs based on the results of interviews include: a. "Pulo Rakyat Public Middle School 1" (Napitupulu, 2022) b. "….need pack…."(Sitorus, 2022) c. "….I think for example…" (Sitorus, 2022) Discussion: The words pulo, pakek and kalok are words that have changed the form of the actual diphthong and should be pronounced with /island/, /use/ and /if/.

Oral Language Errors in Aspect Syntactic Interference 1. Error in the phrase
The following will describe errors in phrases in the aspect of syntactic interference, including: a. "In my opinion, the PSBB policy is good because one way is with the existence of PSBB we can prevent many people from getting Covid, where normally we are in a church, we can be close like that" (Sitorus, 2022) b. "If we obey the name of obeying the health program given by the government…" (Sitorus, 2022) c. "... one of the policies that prevents the name of the emergence of covid 19 from increasing like that" (Sitorus, 2022) d. "….they keep telling society for…" (Sitorus, 2022) e. "We always follow directions government…" (Silalahi, 2022) f. "Everyone wants to worship" (Silalahi, 2022) g. "….I think the whole world is also roughly like that" (Silalahi, 2022) h."….so they are a bit worried come to church at 4" (Silalahi, 2022) i. "….ever given a mask, ever given a disinfectant" (Silalahi, 2022) j. "Yes.. our hope, the jamaat…."(Silalahi, 2022) k. "We have implemented a health protocol in a church complex" (Silalahi, 2022) Discussion: Which phrase is more appropriate to replace with the word /where/, the phrase whose name is obedient should be replaced with the word /with/, the continue to tell phrase should be replaced with a phrase /keeps telling/, the government phrase should be changed to the word /of/, the word want should be replaced with the word /will/, the word approximately should be replaced with the word /seems/, the word is a bit more precise by using the word /very/, the phrase is given the mask ever and given disinfectant ever changed with the phrase /ever given a mask/and /was given disinfectant/ and the phrase we hope is more precisely changed to /we hope/.

Error in clause
The results of the interviews that have been conducted found several sentences in the form of clauses, including: a  Silalahi, 2022) Improvement: Added subject /me/ and the correct sentence becomes "I serve as a fun teacher or congregation" i. "Surely, surely it will end" (Silalahi, 2022) Fix: Added /covid subject 19/ and the correct sentence becomes "Sure, covid 19 will end soon" j. "Because it is to strengthen the immune system of each" (Silalahi, 2022) Improvement: Added n subject /vaccine/ and the correct sentence becomes "Vaccines are made to strengthen each other's body's immunity." Oral language errors in aspects Phonological interference through the results of interviews with three informants from Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District explained that there were errors in changing vowel sounds in 4 (four) words, errors in changing consonant sounds in 4 (four) words, errors in omitting vowels 3 (three) words, errors in omitting consonants in 6 (six) words and errors in adding consonants in 2 (two) words.Oral language errors in aspects morphological interference through the results of interviews with three informants from Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District explained that there were 4 (four) words of errors in affixes and prefixes, 3 (three) words of changes in the pronunciation of phonemes (allophones), changes the consonant phoneme is only 1 (one) word and the change in diphthong form is 3 (three) words.
Spoken language errors in the aspect of syntactic interference through the results of interviews with three informants from Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District explained that there were 11 (eleven) phrase errors, 5 (five) sentence errors in clauses and 5 (five) sentence errors without subject as much as 10 (ten) sentences.
The language errors made by the first informant were 7 (seven) words, 1 (one) clause and 3 (sentences), while the language errors made by the second informant were 11 (eleven) words, 4 (four) phrases and 4 (four) sentences and language errors made by the third informant, namely 7 (seven) words, 7 (seven) phrases and 7 (seven) sentences.

CONCLUSION
Errors in spoken language on the community of Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District in terms of the aspect of phonological interference found as many as 4 (four) words of error for changing vowels, 3 (three) words of error for changing of consonant sounds, 6 (six) words of error for omission of vowels and 2 (two) words of error for addition of consonants.
Errors in spoken language in the people of Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District, in terms of the aspect of morphological interference, were found as many 4 (four) words of error in affixes and prefixes, 3 (three) words of changes in phoneme pronunciation (allophones), 1 (one) word of changes in consonant phonemes and 3 (three) words of changes in the form of diphthongs.
Errors in spoken language in the people of Mekar Tanjung Village, Teluk Dalam District in terms of the aspect of syntactic interference were found as many as 11 (eleven) wrong phrases in phrases, 5 (five) wrong sentences in clauses and 10 (ten) sentences in sentences without a subject.